Term
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Definition
1) Brainstem
2) Cerebellum
3) Forebrain |
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Term
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Definition
Composed of medulla, pons, midbrain
prcessing info from spinal cord
controls autonomic functions
"Reticular activating system"-
Arouses the brain, makes it more alert.
Also controls REM sleep |
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Term
Cerebellum
Vestibulo-ocular reflex |
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Definition
Outer grey matter, Inner white matter,
subconscious control of motor movements and execution of planned action.
Monitors and adjusts movements, ei. Eye and speaking muscles.
"vestibulo-ocular reflex"- moves your eyes so they can stay focused on an object while your head moves. |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of specific "nuclei" located above the pituitary and below the thalamus. Monitors many autonomic functions such as tempature and osmolarity. It monitors glucose levels and stimulates appatite, stimulates the release of hormones from the pituitary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass of grey matter in the center of the brain, It is the relay station for most sensory information. It screens and projects the information to the specific parts of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| large groups of grey matter below the cerebral cortex. inhibit unwanted motor activity, involved in a variety of functions learning, speaking etc.. |
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Term
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Definition
| large groups of grey matter below the cerebral cortex. inhibit unwanted motor activity, involved in a variety of functions learning, speaking etc.. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra that projects axons to basal nucei.
-decreased amount of dopamine->
increase rigidity and diffeculties speaking. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra that projects axons to basal nucei.
-decreased amount of dopamine->
increase rigidity and diffeculties speaking. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra that projects axons to basal nucei.
-decreased amount of dopamine->
increase rigidity and diffeculties speaking. |
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Term
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Definition
Degeneration of GABA neurons in Caudate/Putamin(basal nuclei.
Spasmodic movements. |
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Term
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Definition
involuntary motor movements/vocalizations
basal nuclei implicated |
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Term
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Definition
Most advanced part of the brain.
sensory "perception"
Control of voluntary movements
Language
Personality
Higer level thinking
Self awereness
Memory
contains the lobes |
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Term
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Definition
Visual cortex
recognizes shapes, faces, etc... |
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Term
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Definition
Somatosensory Cortex
(sensory information) |
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Term
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Definition
Auditory and Olfactory center
areas for regonizing smells and sounds
memory storage |
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Term
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Definition
primary motor cortex,
Personality, Decision making, higher level thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| Severing the personality region of the frontal Lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| Language comprehension, both spoken and written. most important for intellengence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is used in order to speak or write coherently, can still understand speach if it is damaged |
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Term
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Definition
| Logic, math, language, analytical thinking |
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Term
| Right Cerebral Hemisphere |
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Definition
| Visual/Spacial skills. non language skills, art, music spacial perception. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects left to right hemispheres. In severe epilepsy it must be cut in half. Creating a "split" personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| The neuro-network for the limb is still present in the CNS although the limb has been amputated. |
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Term
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Definition
"Primitive" portion of the brain.
responsible for all emotions and basic urges ie. sexy time |
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Term
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Definition
24.somethiing hours long.
controlled by, hypothalamus,SCN |
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Term
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Definition
Four stages of slow wave sleep,
Delta waves are teh lowest |
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Term
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Definition
EEG indicates that the person is active, but they are asleep, lasts 5-20 minutes.
vivid dreaming. |
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Term
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Definition
neurons repair themselves while you sleep.
REM must be usefull. |
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Term
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Definition
part of the thalamus degrades.
Resluts in a total lack of delta waves
weight loss, dementia, wasting, death |
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Term
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Definition
| waking from REM but cannot move for awhile |
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Term
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Definition
Random sleep attacks.
it may be due to an overactive REM center |
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Term
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Definition
| slow wave sleep early in the sleep cycle, eyes are open but the person is asleep |
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Term
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Definition
periodic lack of breathing,
CNS arouses person for a minute to continue breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncontrolled abnormal activity in the CNS severe muscle spasms and loss of consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny seizures lasting a few seconds |
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Term
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Definition
activity of viscera and blood vessels
not under direct controll,
hypothalamus and brainstem are in charge
two subdivisions, su=ympathetic, parasympathetic |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous system |
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Definition
a)"Preganglionic neurons" emerge from spinal cord. and synapse with "Postganglionic neurons".
Preganglionic release acetylcholine, recieved by postganglionic by nicotinic receptors.
b)"Postganglionic neurons" travel to effector organ and releases norepinephrine, acceopted by "beta" and "alpha" receptors. They can also stimulate adrenal glands to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
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Term
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Definition
Neurons travel toward effector organs in cranial or pelvic nerves.
a) preganglionic nerve synapses close to effector organ(acetylcholine)
b) Postganglionic releases acetylcholine (mediated by muscarine receptors) found in mushrooms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mimic the affects of sympathetic stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetic
enhance the release of norepinephrine
cold medication,increases heart rate, blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mimic Parasympathic stimulation
a)can stimulate muscarine receptor
b)block breakdown of acetylcholine with cholinesterase inhibitors
examples, parathion and nerve gas
Alzheimer's medication. |
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Term
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Definition
block muscarine receptors.
example; atropine(nightshade)
speeds up the heart, dialates pupils, blocks vomit reflex. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The lense on the surface of the eye
Lasik surgery can fix warped corneas
PRK reshapes the surface
RK cuts it radialy |
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Term
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Definition
Is adjustable in shape.
Ciliary contraction thickens the lens
Ciliary relaxation thins the lens |
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Term
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Definition
loss of lens elasticity with age
loss of ability to focus on close objects |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearsightedness, image focuses in front of the lens |
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Term
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Definition
| farsightedness, image focuses behind the retina |
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