Heinz Bodies

Elevated Reticulocyte Count

Pica

Cheilosis

Artophic Glossitis

Koilonychia

Ringed Siderblasts

Prussian Blue Staining of Bone Marrow

Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia: caused by

Myelodysplasia

Chronic Alcoholism

Lead Poisoning

Hypersegmented Neutrophils

Posterior Column Neuro "stocking-glove" parethesias

Schilling's Test

Strict Vegan Diet

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

Pernicious anemia

Dry Tap

with Ringed Siderblasts

JAK2 - V617F

mutation with plethora

Monoclonal Spike

on electrophoresis

Multiple Myeloma

(urine bence jones)

Rouleaux Formation

common

Ordered to Dx

Anaphylaxis

Most Common Cancer in

Females

Deltoid

Biceps

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Erytheme Migrans

Deer Tick

Lyme Disease

Treponenma Pallidum

Indian Ink Prep

Painless Cancre

Brudzinski Sign

Passive Neck or Hip-Knee Flexion

Kernigs Sign

CSF:

"Hanging Drop"

Tumbling Rod

Plasmodium Parasite

Giemsa

Finkelstein's Test

ABduction pollicis brevis tendon

Scaphoid-Luentes Ligament

Associated with Osteoarthritis

Pain with Elbow Extension

"Tennis Elbow"

"Tennis Elbow"

Lateral Epicondylitis

Pain with Flexion of Elbow

and Wrist Pronation

"Golfer's Elbow"

Medial epicondylitis

"Golfer's Elbow"

4th and 5th Fingers

Fibrous Tissue at Palm

1) Cystic Fibrosis

2) Alpha Antitrypsin

Factor 8 Deficiency

"Classic"

"Walking Pneumonia"

in Young Adults

"e.g. College Student"

Firbrosis Plaques

Old Buildings

Insulation

Sand

Sandblasting

Silica

No Pleural Plaques

"Tea Colored" Urine

RBC casts

Dix-Hallpike

Nylen-Barany Maneuver

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

Esophageal Web

Bird Beak Appearance

on Barium Swallow

Palpable Gallbladder

Courvier's Sign

Check for Antibodies

Suspect Thyroid Disease

Addison's Disease

Butterfly Rash

Alopecia

High ANA Titers

Acute Pancreatitis

Age >55

WBC >16,000

BS >200

LDH >350

AST >250

Advanced RA

Low WBCs, Platelets, & RBCs

+ Lymph Nodes

Spleen

Erythema Multiforme

Steven's Johnson's Syndrome

Erythema Migrans

Lyme Disease

Hand, Foot & Mouth

Coxasackie Virus

Decreased Dopamine

Shuffling Gait

Cogwheeling

Antibodies Against Acetylcholine Receptors

Fatigue with Chewing

Progressive Weakness

Upper & Lower Motor Neuron Involved

Pain and Stiffness without Weakness

Acute Onset

Markedly Elevated ESR

Dry Eyes

Dry Mouth

Dysphagia with Parotid Enlargment

Granulomatosis Inflammation of Lungs

Non-Caseating Granulomas

Erythema Nodosum

"Symmetric Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy"

Morning Stiffness

Swan Neck Deformities

Boutonierr's

Pannus

Seronegative Arthritis Triad:

Urethritis

Conjunctivitis

Oligoarthritis

Colles Fracture

"Silver Fork" Deformity

Big Joints

Herbeden's Nodes (DIP)

Bouchards (PIP)

"Military March"

Burning Heel Pain

Most Common Pathogen for Pneumonia

in EtOH Abusers

Pushing a Blister Causes Further

Separation of the Dermis

Prehn's

Increased Pain with Elevation of the Scrotum

Osteitis Deformoens

"Soft Bones"

Peyionie's

Fibrous Plaque

"Bowing" Penile Shaft with Erection

Checks for Mixture of

Fetal and Maternal Blood

Pastia's Lines (Axilla & Groin)

Circumorial Pallor

Trunk Red Papular Rash = Pyrogenic Erythrotoxin

Diarrhea

Flushing

Hepatomegaly

Steamy Cornea with Pain

"Halos" Non-Reactive Pupil

"Foamy" Urine

Proteinuria

Tram Tracks

Ring Shadows

Persistent Cough

~Hemoptysis

"Flashing Lights"

Floaters

Curtain Over Vision

Unilateral Acute Headache with

Injected Eye and Clear Nasal Discharge

Minor Trauma Leads to New Lesions at Site of Trauma

"Scratching Spreads!"

Edema

HTN

Proteinuria

PreEclampsia

Eclampsia - Add Seizures

Tx: Mg2+ Sulfate

Acute MI

Inferior Wall MI

"Spaghetti & Meatballs"

Malassezia furur

Hypo and Hyper-Pigmented Macules

Hemorrhage in Anterior Chamber

of Eye

Renal tubular Necrosis

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Short PR

Delta Waves with SVT

"Holiday Heart"

EtOH Induced

Transient A. Fib

Foul, Greasy Stool

Infected Water

No Obvious Blood

Hurts More When Patient

Leans Forward

Occlusive Polyartheritis with Preference

for Aortic Arch

Smoking

Black Finger Tips

Herald Patch

"Christmas Tree Pattern"

Oval “Salmon Colored” Lesions

Intrinsic Pathway

2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, & 13

Factor 8 Deficiency

Mediates Platelet Adhesion

von Willebrand

Skips Areas

Fistulas

Apthoid Ulcers

"Cobblestoning"

String Sign

Chocolate Agar

H. Infulenza Common

Thumb Sign on Lateral Xray

Drooling

Tripod Position

Trismus

Submental Tenderness

Vicent's Angina

"Trench Mouth"

Fusobacterium/Treponema

"Hot Potatoe"

Pain Referred to Posterior Neck

Steeple Sign:

Narrowing of Subglottic Airway

Central Obesity

HTN

DM II

Low HDL

Group A Strep

Painful, Well Demarcated "Fiery Red Face"

Abrupt Onset

Rapid Progression

"Slapped Cheeks"

Red Rash

Erythema Infectiosum

High Uric Acid

Great Toe

Rubor (Color)

Swelling

Pain

Painless

Pruritic

Papules

Antrax

Bacililus anthracies

Radiolucent Bands in the Cortex of Bone

Osteomalacia

Roth Spots

Janeway Lesions

Osler's Nodes

Splinter Hemorrage

Conjunctival, Palatal, Subungal Petechiae

Cherry Red Spot

Box-Carring

Clenched Fist Over Sternum

Clenched Teeth When Describing CP

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defect:

Subaortic Septal Defect

RV Outflow Obstruction

Overriding Aorta

& RVH

Most Common Pathogen for

Native Valve Infectious Endocarditis

Exudative Lesions in the Retina

(Endocarditis)

Painless Red Lesions on the Palms and Soles

(Endocarditis)

Painful, Violaceous, Raised Lesions of the

Fingers, Toes, or Feet

(Endocarditis)

Coninuous "Machinery" Murmur at S2

2nd LICS

Tricuspid Regurg.

& VSD

Harsh, Mid-Systolic Ejection Murmur

Radiates to Neck

2nd RICS, best w/pt leaning foward

Fishy Odor

Whiff Test +

Clue Cells

Blood & Thunder Retina

Sudden, Unilateral Blurred or Loss of Vision

Defect of Peripheral Vision

Increased cup-to-disc ratio

Sluggish Pupillary Response

decreased EOM

Obstruction, Pain, Swelling

Tenderness & Purulent Discharge

of the Eye

"Red-Rimmed"

Scruf and Fibrous Scales (Collarettes)

Copious Watery Discharge

Adenovirus 3,8, or 19 common

Copious, Purulent Discharge

Eyes "Glued Shut"

Elevated, yellowish, Conjunctival Mass

on Sclera Adjacent to Cornea

Fleshy, Triangular Mass

Grows from Nasal Side Toward Cornea

Temporal Tenderness

Highly Elevated ESR

Permanent Blindness if Untreated

Misalignment of Corneal Light Reflex

No binocular fixation

Night Blindness

Xerosis

Bitot's Spots (White Patches on Conjunctivae)

White Cast to Retinal Venous Bed

High Triglycerides

Painless, Homogenous, Sharply Demarcated

Red Area Lateral to Iris

Unilateral Facial Anhidrosis

Ptosis

Miosis

Conductive Hearing Loss

Lateralizes to Affected Ear

Conductive Hearing Loss

Bone Conduction > Air Conduction

Tinnitus

Vertigo/Dizziness

Nausea/Vomiting

Pathogen Most Common:

Chronic Otitis Media

"Swimmer's Ear"

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Horizontal Nystagmus

Fast-Paced Beats

Away from Defect

Vertigo

Hearing Loss

Tinnitus

Pale, Boggy, Bluish Mucosa

Allergic Shiners

Allergic Salute

Fever

Tender Anterior Cervical LN

Pharyngeaotonsillar Exudate

NO cough

Unilateral Hearing Loss

Tinnitus

Vertigo

Ataxia

Brain Stem Dysfunction

Insidious Onset

Low-Grade Fever

No Exudate

Contralateral Uvula and Soft Palate Deviation

Muffled Voice

Peritonsillar Abscess

(Quincy)

Round, Painful Ulcers with

Red Halos on Buccal Mucosa

Thick, White Plaques

Burning Pain

Can Be Scraped Off

Painless, White Areas

Tobacco, Smokers, AIDs, EtOH

Cannot Be Scraped Off

Leukoplakia

Bx r/o cancer

Asthma

Nasal Polyps

ASA Hypersensitivity

Most Common Pathogen Of CAP

in COPD

Most Common Pathogen for CAP

in Cystic Fibrosis

Most Common Pathogen for

Atypical Pneumonia

Staph aureus and Gram-Neg bacilli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ICU pts

Pneumocystits jiroveci (carnii)

TMP/SMX prophylaxis w/ CD4<200

Post-Tussive Rales

Drenching Night Sweats

Ghon Complex

Ranke COmplex

Caseating Granulomas

Nasal Flaring

Tachypnea

Retractions

RSV most common pathogen

Harsh, Barking Seal-Like Cough

Steeple Sign

Parainfluenza virus 1 & 2

Headache

Plethora

Mental Status Changes

Flushing

Diarrhea

Telangiectasias

Coin Lesions

Infectious Granulomas

Well Differntiated Neuroendocrine Tumor

Pink or Purple Well Vascularized Central lesions

Pedunculated or Sessile

Wheeze

Eczema

Seasonal Rhinitis

Decreased Ratio FEV1/FVC <75%

>10% Increase in FEV1 after bronchodilator therapy

Chronic Purulent Sputum (often foul smelling)

Dilated Tortuous Airways

Tram Track

Ring-Like Markings

Honeycombing

50% caused by CF

Pink Puffers

Barrel Chested

Weight Loss

Parenchymal Bullae and Blebs

Blue Bloaters

Pursed-Lip Breathing

Overweight and Cyanotic

Peribronchial and Perivascular Markings

Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio <70%

FEV1 Decreases with severity

Young Person with Hx:

Chronic Lung Dz

Pancreatitis

Infertility

Blunting of Costophrenic Angles

Loss of Sharp Demarcation of the Diaphragm and Heart

Mediastinal Shift Away

Light's criteria

Pleural Effusion

Thoracentesis is Gold Standard

Hypercoagulability

Venous Stasis

Vascular Inflammation or Injury

for PE

Pleuritic CP

Apprehension

Cough

Dyspnea

Cor Pulmonale

PE

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Atrial Hypertrophy

Right Ventricular Strain

Right-Sided HF

Cor Pulmonale

Narrow Splitting and Accentuation of 2nd Heart Sound

Systolic Ejection Click

Dyspnea

Coal Dust

Inert Inorganics

Silicate Dust

Ceramics, High Tech Fields, Aerospace

Tool and Die Manufacture

Pneumoconioses:

Coal Worker's

Asbestosis

Silicosis

Berryliosis

Inhalation of Silicates

Sand

Quarry

Stone

High Tech Fields

Aerospace

Nuclear Power

Ceramics

Tool & Die Manufacture

Non-Caseating Granulomas

Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy

Protein Rich Pulmonary Edema

Frothy Pink or Red Sputum

Hx of : Sepsis, Multiple Trauma, or Aspiration of gastric contents

Paroxysmal Cough

Wheezing

Diminished Breath Sounds

Hx: Choking or Gaging

Deficiency of Surfactant

"Ground Glass"

doming of the diaphragm

Coryza

Lacrimation

Low-Grade fever

Mild Dry Cough

Morphology

Arrangment

Distribution

Tuberous Sclerosis

Oval-Shaped Nevoid Plaque

Skin is colored or pigmented on trunk or back

Extravasted Blood

i.e. purpura

Dissolves Keratin and Cellular Material

Identifies Dermatophytes

Type I IgE Mediated Reaction

Flexor Surfaces

Dorsum of Hands and Feet

Dermatographism

Coin-Shaped Plaques

Erythematous Base

Clearly Demarcated Borders

Yellowish or Gray, Scaly

Greasy Looking Papules

Cradle Cap

Dandruff

Blepharitis

Papulopustules on Erythematous Bases

Vermillion Borders is Spared

Steroid Will Make It Worse

Stippled Pigmentation

Heaviness or Aching Legs

Aggravated By Standing

Releived with walking

Well-Circumscribed

Highly Pruritic Plaques

Caused by repeated scratching and rubbing of atopic dermatitis

Poxvirus

Discrete, Fleshcolored, Waxy

Dome-Shaped

Umbilcated Papules

Purple, Polygonal, Pruritic, Papule

Flat topped, Shiny, Violaceous Papules

with Fine White Lines

"Wickham's Striae"

Tapioca Appearacne

Painful Fissures

Burrow's Solution

Loosely Adherent, Silvery Scales

Scalp & Extensor Surfaces knees/elbows

Auspitz Sign

Koebner's Phenomena

Pitting and Ridges in Nails

Involves Distal Joints of Hands and Feet

Symmetric

Post Strep Paryngitis

Inflammatory Skin eruptions ina disseminated pattern

Spares Palms and Soles

Tear Shaped Lesions

Lakes of Pus

Life Threatening Condition

Widespreas Pustules

von Zumbush's Syndrome

Fragile Vesicles or Bullae

Easily Rupture

Nikolsky's Sign

NO Pruritis

Large, Tense, Bullae

Serous or Hemorrhagic Fluid

Plugged Follicles

Retained Sebum

Bacterial Overgrowth

Release of Fatty Acids

Pilosebaceous Unit

Increased Capillary Activity

No comedones

"Flushing Red"

Rhinophyma, Blepharophyma, Metophyma, Otophyma, Gnathophyma

Severe, deep-seated, recalcitrant folliculitis

with surrounding eczema

and crusting

Severe form of EM

Mucocutaneous blistering rxn

commonly caused by drug rxn

Sheet-like loss of epidermis

Raised, Flaccid Blisters

Necrotic epidermis

Life-Threatening

Severe form of SJS

Mucocutaneous blistering rxn

commonly caused by drug rxn

Sheet-like loss of epidermis

Raised, Flaccid Blisters

Necrotic epidermis

Apocrine Gland Disease

Tender Inflammatory Nodules or Abscess Form

Lesions NOT related to hair follicles

Inflammatory Hot Lesion with Diffuse Erythema

Swollen, Red, Hot, Tender

Tender, Erythematous, Fluctuant Area

of Pus Formation

Malassezia

Hypo and Hyperpigmented Macules

"Spaghetti and Meatballs"

Indurated, Boggy, Inflammatory Plaque

Studded with Pustules

Superficial Fungal Infection

Annular patch with distinct borders and central clearing

Fine scale covers patch

Pruritic Burrows, Vesicles, Or nodules

with excoriations and crusting

Web spaces

"Sinking Macule"

Pale gray, slightly eroded in the center

Halo of very tender inflammation and Hemorrhage

Koilocytotic Squamous Cells

Cauliflower Appearance

beign plaque, beige to brown-black, velvety,

warty surface that appears

"Stuck On"

Black or Dark Brown

Can be flesh colored

Irregular borders with outward spreading pigment

Complete excision

Nonhealing, Translucent or Pearly Papule

Surface telangietasias

Central Erosion

Skin Darkens, Appears Dirty,

Thickens, & Velvety

Obesity and Insulin Resistance Common

Hyperpigmentation Associated with

Pregnancy, OCPs, and Estrogen

Uniform Color

Tumor caused by HHV8

aka KSHV

erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesion

Can be AIDS-related

Painful, Edematous, Very Red, Indurated, Spreading Lesions with a Raised Border

Group A Strep

Vesiculopustular Lesions

Follow Dermatome

PCR of skin Scraping

Clustered Painful Vesicles

with Erythematous Base

Multinucleated Giant Cells

Fiery Red Rash on Both Cheeks

Rash spreads distally and includes central clearing

that is Reticulated or Lacy

Nonpainful, Numerous, Pale Pink, Discrete Lesions

with projections on a broad base

Smooth or velvety, moist surface

Sandpaper Rash

Sunburn with Goosebumps

Circumoral Pallor

Strawberry Tongue

Violaceous or Blue

Vesicular or Bullous Rash

Viral-Like Prodrome

Abrupt onset severe pain mimic peritonitis

In Esophagous:

Replacement of normal squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium

can predispose to malignancy

Chest Pain

Worse after meals and when lying down

Often relieved by antacids

1st line treatment for:

1)Mild GERD

2) Moderate-Severe GERD

1) Histamine (H2) Blocker (Lower dose than PUD)

2) PPI (or in ots unresponsive to H2 with mild dz)

Odynophagia

Dysphagia

Immunocompromised Patient

Infectious Esophagitis

(Candidia, CMV, HSV common)

Esophageal endoscopy reveals

large, deep ulcers

Esophageal endoscopy reveals

multiple shallow ulcers

Difficulty swallowing both Solids and Liquids

Disease/Damage to brain stem or specific cranial nerves

Outpouching of posterior hypopharynx

regurgitation of gastric contents

into pharynx several hours

after eating

Decreased esophageal peristalsis

Increased lower esophageal sphincter tone

slowly progressive dysphagia

Episodic regurgitation

CP

"Bird-Beak" appearance

Barrium Swallow

Associated with adenocarcinomas

Distal 1/3 of the esophagus

Neoplastic

Type of lesion occuring inthe

proximal 2/3 of the esophagus

Progressive dysphagia for solid foods

Marked weight loss

Occurs after forceful vomiting or retching

Associated with EtOH

Hematemesis

Portal HTN

Cirrhosis

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

hematemesis

Gram- Spiral-Shaped Bacillus

Type B gastritis

Involves antrum and body of stomch

PUD, Gastric adenocarcinoma & G. lymphoma

Urea breath test

Nausea

Feeling of Excessive Fullness after meals

Cisapride or Metoclopramide May help

Dyspepsia

Abdominal Pain, burning, gnawing

Nausea

H. Pylori

Duodenal

Gastric

Most common cause of

nonhemorrhagic GI bleeds

Gastrin-Secreting tumor

caused by hypergastrinemia

Results in refractory PUD

Abdominal Pain and Secretory Diarrhea

Dyspepsia

weight loss w/ anemia

Occult GI Bleeding

>40 years old

H. Pylori

Common extranodal site for

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Stomach

Gastric Lymphoma

Main cause of

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Constipation in pts >50

New Onset

Adhesions

Hernias

Twisting of Bowel

Simoid and Cecal Area Common

Cramping Abd Pain and Distention

N/V and Obstipation

Diarrhea, Steatorrhea, Flatulence

Weight Loss, Weakness, and Abdominal Distention

IgA antiendomysial &

Antitissue Transglutaminase Antibodies

Gluten-Free Diet

Abdominal Cramping and Diarrhea <40 years old

"Skip Areas", Transmural

Fistulas Common

Spares Rectum

Progression is Distal to Proximal

Continuous, Mucosal Surface

Tenesmus and Bloody, Pus-Filled Diarrhea

Smoking May Suppress Frequency of Episodes

Most common cause of chronic or reccurent abdominal pain in the US

Pain worse with food and typically relieved by defecation

Postprandial Urgency

Constripation, Diarrhea, or Alternating Pattern

Dx of exculsion

Colicky Pain

Currant Jelly Stools

"Sausage-Like" Mass on Palpation

Most common cause of Intussesception

1) Children

2) Adults

1) Post Viral Infection

2) Neoplasm (therefore barium enema should not be used, CT is best)

Systemic Immune Response 15-20 days

after exposure to Strep Pharyngitis

Peak age 5-15

Jones' Criteria

Inhibits Pre-synaptic release of Acetylcholine at NMJ

Infants should not be fed honey for risk of infection

Visual changes

Fixed Dilated Pupils

Respiratory Paralysis

Vesicular Lesions with Blue-Black Centers,

that ulcerate and necrose

Fulminating Pneumonia or Mediastinitis

Spore-forming Gram+, Encapsulated

Box-shaped Rods in Chains

Massive Diarrhea

Death From Hypovolemia

Rice Water Stools

Interferes with neurotransmitission at spinal synapses

of inhibitory neurons

Uncontrolled spasm and exaggerated reflexes

Puncture Wounds

Tetanus

(Clostridium tetani)

Peyer's Patches

Bacteremia

Pea Soup Diarrhea

Pink papules on trunk that fade with pressure

Enteric (Typhoid) Fever

caused by Salamonella

Abrupt diarrhea, Tenesmus

Loose Stools with Blood and Mucus

Scope shows inflamed, engorged mucosa,

Punctate Lesions, or Ulcers

Exotoxin causes myocarditis and neuropathy

Tenacious Gray Membrane

covers tonsils

requires Horse Serum Antitoxin

Human Herpes Virus 4

Kissing Disease

Exudative pharyngitis, soft palate petechiae, splenomegaly, maculopapular petechial rsh (exaccerbated by Amoxicillin)

Atypical Lymphocytes

Non-Enveloped Icosahedral Virions

 Koilocytotic or Vaculated

Hyperplastic Prickle Cells