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Business Law
Final flashcards
65
Law
Undergraduate 2
12/06/2013

Additional Law Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
4 Types of Contracts
Definition
Express
Implied
Bilateral
Unilateral
Term
Implied Contract
Definition
Terms implied by actions.
Ex: sitting down in a restaurant
Term
Express Contract
Definition
Terms communicated in detail.
Can be oral or written.
Term
Bilateral Contract
Definition
a promise exchanged for a promise
Term
Unilateral Contract
Definition
a promise exchanged for performance
Term
Name 4 ways someone's ability to Consent to a Contract can be affected
Definition
Undue Influence
Mutual Mistake
Duress
Fraud
Term
Define Undue Influence
Definition
Unfair influence of a susceptible individual. Relationship of trust and confidence or dominance. Unfair persuasion (doctor, caregiver, attorney)
Term
Define Mutual Mistake
Definition
The mistake relates to a basic assumption on which the contract was made. The mistake has a material effect on the agreed-upon exchange. The party adversely affected by the mistake does not bear the risk of the mistake. (“As-is” agreements)
Term
Define Duress
Definition
Form of COERCION. Contract induced by improper THREAT. Threat leaves the party no reasonable alternative but to enter or modify a contract. Threat can be economic or physical
Term
Define Fraud
Definition
misrepresentation committed knowingly, with the intent to deceive.
Term
List 3 ways a person's Capacity to negotiate a contract could be affected
Definition
Minor
Mental Impairment
Intoxication
Term
Describe the protected class Minor with respect to contracts
Definition
have the right to revoke contracts at any time in any way. Under the age of 18 an exception can be an emancipated minor (terminated parental control: evidenced by own household, financial independence and/or married). For minors the trend is to reimburse the minor for the depreciated value where damage was intentional. Minors must pay reasonable value of necessary items (medical, housing, food). As a practical matter, parents are liable for the support of their children.
Term
Describe the protected class Mentally Impaired with respect to contracts
Definition

Can't negotiate in their own best interest.

If found mentally imparied by court prior to contract, the contract is void.

If found mentally impared after contract, then contract is voidable.

 

Term
Describe the protected class Intoxicated with respect to Capacity to contract
Definition
Must be so extreme that the person did not understand the nature of the transaction.
Term
List 3 elements of a contract
Definition

Offer

Acceptance

Performance

Term
list 4 conditions necessary to have an Offer
Definition
Must clearly communicate that you intend to be bound
Must have clear, detailed terms
Must be communicated to the Offeree
Must be a Bargain for Exchange
Term
Define bargain for exchange
Definition
There was a bargain for the exchange. Each party has to be involved in the negotiation. Can’t just drop something on someone and say now you owe me.
Term
Define communicated to Offeree with respect to contracts
Definition
Must be communicated to the Offeree by the Offeror. An example of something that isn’t an offer is if an Offeror tells his friends that he is going to make an offer to someone else and is writing it up. That friend then goes to the other person and tells her that Offeror is going to make her an offer of _____ amount. The other person cannot accept this as a true offer because it wasn’t communicated by the Offeror to the Offeree, but by a third party.
Term
Define Consideration
Definition
something of legal value that is exchanged for something else of legal value. Can be money, an item, the right to do something or not do something.
Term
List 3 things that do not qualify as Consideration
Definition
Past Consideration
Pre-Existing Duty
Illusory Promise
Term
Past Consideration
Definition
when a promise is made in return for events or actions that already took place. Example: you were a good employee this year, I’ll give you a bonus at Christmas. This is a gift, work already done and compensated.
Term
Certain and definite terms:
Definition
Must be certain and definite terms. Two reasons terms must be certain and definite. 1 to ensure that both parties knew what they were agreeing to and 2. So a court can understand what was agreed to and can enforce the contract.
Term
Consideration
Definition
Each party gives something of LEGAL value. Give up something you have the legal right to do or give. Such as a release of claims (giving up the right to sue). Do something you would otherwise not be required to do.
Term
Offeror
Definition
the person who makes the offer
Term
Offeree
Definition
the person who receives the offer
Term
Exception to Consideration Requirement
Definition
Exception to consideration requirement: Promissory Estoppel Exception to consideration from both parties requirement Conditions Clear and definite promise Promisor should have expected promise to rely on the promise Promisee reasonably relied on the promise by acting or refraining from some act. Promisee’s reliance was substantial and resulted in substantial detriment. Enforcement of promise needed to avoid injustice. Example: rich uncle offers you a new car. You sell your old car and he doesn’t hold up his end. Now you can’t go to work
Term
Exception to Consideration Requirement
Definition
Promissory Estoppel
Term
Promissory Estoppel
Definition
Exception to consideration from both parties requirement Conditions Clear and definite promise Promisor should have expected promise to rely on the promise Promisee reasonably relied on the promise by acting or refraining from some act. Promisee’s reliance was substantial and resulted in substantial detriment. Enforcement of promise needed to avoid injustice. Example: rich uncle offers you a new car. You sell your old car and he doesn’t hold up his end. Now you can’t go to work
Term
4 Types of Acceptance
Definition
Written
Oral
Silence
Performance
Term
Define acceptance by silence
Definition
Took the benefit of a service or product. Had the opportunity to reject. Knew the Offeror expected to be paid
Term
when is performance acceptance?
Definition
for unilateral contracts
Term
List 9 ways to revoke a contract
Definition
Withdraw
Object
Counter
Decline
Mutual Mistake
Unilateral Mistake
Death
Insanity
Destruction of Subject Matter
Term
List 2 exceptions to the right to revoke a contract
Definition
Option Clause
Firm Offer
Term
Define Option Clause
Definition
Consideration given for the Offeror giving up the right to cancel the contract.
Term
Define Firm Offer
Definition
Made by an Offeror who is a merchant. Must be in writing and signed, Must give assurances that the offer will be kept open. If no time-frame given in the written Offer, then time-frame is 3 months.
Term
General Rule of Advertisements:
Definition

Ads are usually only treated as invitations to deal or negotiate

 

Exception: when detailed terms and performance requirement

Term
Conditions necessary for a Noncompetition Clause to be legal
Definition
a. Clause must serve a legitimate business purpose.
b. The restriction on competition must be reasonable in time, geographic area and scope.
c. The noncompetition clause should not impose an undue hardship.
Term
Define Statute of Fraud.
Definition
Contract must be in writing to avoid fraud
Term
List 6 contracts that must be in writing under the Statute of Fraud
Definition
a. Collateral (a person promises to pay the obligation of another) b. Sale of Real Estate c. Can’t be performed in less than 1 Year d. Sale of goods over $500 (under UCC – merchants) e. Executor liable for the debt of an estate f. Marriage (like prenup)
Term
Define Breach
Definition
failure to perform when due
Term
List 5 remedies for Breach
Definition
Compensatory
Consequential
Punitive
Nominal
Performance
Term
Define Compensatory Damages
Definition
(designed to make party whole, restore them to the place they were before the contract) reimbursement for whatever performance the injured party did within the contract. Ex: if a party paid $10,000 for a printer that was not delivered, they would be due the return of their $10,000. Ex 2: if a party had a promise of a printer delivery for $10,000 and the other party breached, and the first party had to go out and buy an emergency printer for $15,000 the person who didn’t deliver may be responsible for the additional $5,000.
Term
Define Consequential Damages
Definition
(designed to make party whole, restore them to the place they were before the contract) reimbursement for losses caused by the other parties breach outside the terms of the contract. Ex: a party breaches a contract to supply a printer. They could be responsible for a large printing job lost because they didn’t deliver the printer.
Term
Define Punitive Damages (for contracts)
Definition
(designed to punish and make an example of the defendant. Must prove defendants actions were reckless or negligent)
Term
Define Nominal Damages (for contracts)
Definition
small reimbursement for technical breach where the important parts of the contract were performed. Most courts do not bother with these.
Term
Explain why courts don't like to force performance for Breach
Definition
not popular because courts don’t like to force people to do things and they don’t have the resources to manage and track that what they ordered is done.
Term
When will a court force performance for Breach
Definition
when the subject matter of the contract is unique.
Term
2 conditions needed for criminal liability
Definition
performance of an illegal act
state of mind
Term
define performance of an illegal act
Definition
can be by commission (doing)
or omission (not doing)
Term
Misdemeanor
Definition
a crime punishable by a fine or confinement of up to one year.

DUI, Trespassing, disorderly conduct
Term
Felony
Definition
serious crimes punishable by 1+ years imprisonment.

Murder, rape, armed robbery
Term
List 5 types of crime
Definition
Larceny
Robbery
Burglary
Public Order Crimes
White-collar Crime
Term
Define larceny
Definition
when a person wrongfully or fraudulently takes another person’s property. (like a pickpocket)
Term
define robbery
Definition
taking property by means of force or intimidation
Term
define burglary
Definition
breaking and entering into a dwelling with the intent to commit a felony.
Term
define public order crimes
Definition
i. Society outlaws certain activities based on morals and values
Term
list 3 public order crimes
Definition
prostitution
gambling
streaking
Term
define white-collar crime
Definition
Committed by individuals or corporations to attain a business or personal advantage

Nonviolent
Term
list 3 types of white-collar crime
Definition
embezzlement
money laundering
insider trading
Term
List 3 Constitutional Protections
Definition
4th Amendment
5th Amendment
8th Amendment
Term
4th Amendment Protects against
Definition
unreasonable search and seizure. Must balance the governments need to gather evidence with the reasonable expectation of privacy of citizens.
Term
5th Amendment protects against
Definition
i. Double Jeopardy: protects people from being tried twice for the same offense. Once acquitted of a particular crime, the defendant cannot be retried for the same crime.
ii. Self-incrimination: no person shall be compelled in a criminal case to be a witness against him or herself.
Term
8th Amendment protects against
Definition
cruel and unusual punishment
Term
List three classes of people who lack the capacity to form criminal intent
Definition
Minors
Insane
Intoxicated
Term
Can I minor under the age of 18 be put to death?
Definition
No
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