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Definition
| A state of character that makes a person good and do their work or actions well |
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| An intermediate virtue between two extremes that are both vices {excess and defects} |
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| Act only on that maxim {subjective} where at the same time it will become a universal law {objectives} |
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| Kingdom is a union of different rational beings n a system by a common law. Rather than treat people as means, we treat them as ends in themselves. |
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| Please and exemption from pain and that both of these are also useful to us |
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Definition
| Actions are morally right if they promote happiness or pleasure. Actions are wrong if they promote pain or unhappiness |
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| What does an ethics of hedomism entail and explain which philosopher is the most hedonist. Explain a main part of their ethics and why it's hedonist. |
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Definition
- Hedonism is ethics of pleasure.
- It is a physical pleasure and a more self centered ethic.
- Mill is the most hedonist.
- One of his main points is happiness. This version of hedonism not about selfishness, but the greatest amount of happiness all together. Look at everyone involved and not only your happiness.
- Closest to hedonism because it is still involved with pleasure
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| What does ethics of asceticism entail? Which philosopher is most ascetic. Explain main point of their ethics and why it's ascetic. |
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Definition
- Asceticism is ethics of self denial and helping others. It is more spiritual.
- Mill is most ascetic. One of his main points is happiness.
- Actions are morally right if they promote pleasure and happiness but are wrong if they promote pain or unhappiness.
- This is ascetic because the actions that you choose when helping others should promote happiness and not pain.
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| What does Aristotle mean by temperance or moderation? Would his account agree with Mill or no? Do you think Mill would agree with Aristotle's view of temperance? No? |
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Definition
- It is in the middle. For example, being good tempered would be an example of temperance because it is not being easily angered or a pushover.
- His account would agree with Mill because Mill is all about promoting happiness and pleasure and avoiding unhappiness or pain.
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| Explain Mill's point about sacrifice. How does Mill's account of sacrifice be viewed as a critique of Kant. Do you agree with Mill or Kant regarding sacrifice and why. |
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Definition
- Main point is if we sacrifice, we do it for others. You put other people's happiness before your own.
- Mill believes it is a waste unless it leads to others being happy.
- It's a critique of Kant because Kant believes if you sacrifice yu do it purely out of selfishness because it's the right thing to do. It's for the sake or moral duty.
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| What does Kant mean by the fourth type of action and why is it the only one to have moral worth? Which four types of action would Aristotle find to be most in line with becoming virtuous and why |
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Definition
- His fourth type of action is actions from duty alone and disregarding any inclinations.
- It is the only one that has moral worth because you are doing it because it is your duty to do it and even if you don't want to do it, you're still completeing the task
- Number 3 Aristotle would find the most with being virtuous because you are doing a good thing because you want to do it. It is making your character better. For example, serving homeless food because you enjoy doing it.
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