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an organizational framework marked by rules and procedures, specialization and division of labour, hierarchy of authority, technically qualified personnel, separation of position and person, and written communications and records |
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the use of rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, standardization, and other bureaucratic mechanisms to standardize behaviour and assess performance |
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the level of hierarchy with authority to make decisions |
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based on devotion to the exemplary character or heroism of an individual and the order defined by him or her |
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the use of social characteristics, such as culture, shared values, commitments, traditions, and beliefs, to control behaviour |
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the life-cycle phase in which an organization has strong leadership and begins to develop clear goals and direction |
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intentionally reducing the size of a company's workforce by laying off employees |
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the organizational life-cycle phase in which the red-tape crisis is resolved through the development of a new sense of teamwork and collaboration |
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the life-cycle phase in which an organization is born and its emphasis is on creating a product and surviving in the marketplace |
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the degree to which an organization has rules, procedures, and written documentation |
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the phase in an organization's life cycle involving the installation and use of rules, procedures, and control systems |
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developed to maintain the efficiency and control benefits of bureaucracy yet prevent the problems of slow response to crises |
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a perspective on organizational growth and change that suggests that organizations are borne, grow older, and eventually die |
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a situation that occurs when price competition is used to evaluate the output and productivity of an organization |
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a condition in which a substantial, absolute decrease in an organization's resource base occurs over a period of time |
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the proportions of administrative, clerical, and professional support staff |
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based on employees' belief in the legality of rules and the right of those in authority to issue commands |
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a person's values are brought into line with the organization's values to control behaviour |
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based on the belief in traditions and the legitimacy of the status of people exercising authority through those traditions |
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