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Buddhism
Koehler Buddhism Notes
47
Religious Studies
11th Grade
02/16/2010

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Term
Buddha
- Original Name
- Caste
- Early Life
Definition
- Siddhartha Gautama
- Kshatriya (warrior) class
- Buddha was pampered in is early life because his fatherthought he was destined to be a ruler
Term
What did Gautama's father do to ensure that his son would be a king instead of a savior?
Definition
-Pampered him with all of the comforts of the palace
- His father didn't show him the outside sufferings of the world and live in complete satisfaction
Term
The Four Passing Sights Gautama encountered when he ventured beyond his father's estate
Definition
1. An old decrepit man (old age)
2. Saw a diseased man (sickness)
3. Saw a corpse for the 1st time (death)
4. He saw a wandering ascetic who had chosen to lead a homeless life of solitude and self-denial
Term
What did Gautama do at age 29?
Definition
-He gave up his life as a prince and left his family
- Renounced a life of power and sensual enjoyment for the austre life of a mendicant
Term
What did Gautama think he would gain by starving himself?
Definition
He believed that the reduction of the body would increase his spiritual powers
Term
How many years did Gautama follow his ascetic way of life?
Definition
6 years
Term
What does Gautama call his revelation, this concept of balance, and healthy mind and body?
Definition
The Middle Way
Term
Who was Mara?
What did Mara try to do to Gautama?
Definition
- The god of death
- Tried to frighten Gautama from his spot of meditation but was unsuccessful
Term
What did Gautama discover that resulted in his becoming the Buddha, the Enlightened One?
Definition
The 4 Noble Truths
Term
Where had Gautama's Enlightenment taken place?
Definition
In his spot beneath a fig tree or bo/bodhi tree- meaning wisdom
Term
How man years did Buddha stay on earth to teach others, rather than entering into Nirvana?
Definition
45 Years
Term
What is the name of the community of Buddhist monks and nuns?
Definition
Sangha
Term
Being Buddhist today means "taking refuge in the Three Jewels." Name the Three Jewels and explain briefly what each refers to
Definition
1. The Buddha- Siddhartha Gautama
2. The Dharma- The Buddhist Teachings
3. The Sangha- The Buddhist monastic community
Term
At what age did Buddha pass into Nirvana?
Definition
80
Term
How did Buddha die?
Definition
Ate spoiled food and died from illness
Term
What does the Buddhist doctrine of Dharma mean?
Definition
Buddhist teachings
Term
Rather than relying on faith, Buddhism emphasizes the development of ______?
Definition
Wisdom
Term
How do Buddhism and Hinduism regard time and the Universe as?
Definition
-Time as Cyclical
-Universe as Eternal
Term
Buddhist's believe in he wheel of rebirth, also referred to as _____
Definition
Samsara
Term
What Hindu rituals did Buddha reject?
Definition
Hindu rituals of devotion to gods
Term
What Hindu System did Buddha reject?
Definition
Caste System
Term
What did Buddha allow women to do?
Definition
Become nuns and enter into nirvana when perfected
Term
What language were the earliest Buddhist texts written in, and what was special about this language
Definition
Pali
- It was the dialect of the common people
Term
A basic Buddhist belief is that of the Three Marks of _____
Definition
Existence
Term
The First Mark of Existence
Definition
Anatta
- Meaning "no-self" because we are continually changing
Term
The Second Mark of Existence
Definition
Anicca
- Impermanence
Term
The Third Mark of Existence
Definition
Dukkha
-means "suffering"
-Brought about because we experience anatta and anicca
Term
The Five Precepts which all Buddhists are to follow:
Definition
1. Do not take life
2. Do not take what is not given
3. Do not engage in sensuous conduct
4. Do not use false speech
5. Do not drink intoxicants
Term
List the additional precepts that monks and nuns are expected to follow:
Definition
1. Do not drink after noon
2. Do not watch dancing or shows
3. Do not use garlands, perfumes, and ornaments
4. Do not use a high or soft bed
5. Do not accept gold or silver
Term
The 4 Noble Truths
Definition
1. To live is to suffer
2. Suffering is caused by desire
3. Suffering can be brought to cessation
4. The solution to suffering is the noble eightfold path
Term
What form of Buddhism is referred to as "The way of the Elders"?
- In what countries is this form prevalent?
Definition
-Theravada Buddhism
- Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailad
Term
What does Theravada Buddhism focus on, and what is its final aim?
Definition
-teachings
-nirvana
Term
What are the equivalent of saints, in Theravada Buddhism?
Definition
Arhats
- they have entered nirvana
Term
What are arhats typically and what practice do they engage in?
Definition
Monks and nuns
- Meditation
Term
What are 2 others names for Mahayana Buddhism?
Definition
-"The Great Vehicle"- b/c its the largest type
-Zen Buddhism
Term
In what countries is Mahayana Buddhism mainly practiced?
Definition
China
Japan
Korea
Vietnam
Term
On what does Mahayana Buddhism focus?
Definition
- The Buddha himself, seeing him as the divine savior
Term
Why is Mahayana Buddhism very popular?
Definition
It opens the doors to religious devotion and prayer
Term
What did Theravada Buddhism depend upon?
Definition
The cultivation of wisdom though medidtation
Term
What is the ideal person for Mahanyana Buddhism? What is his supreme virtue?
Definition
Bodhisattva
- compassion
Term
What do Bodhisattvas choose to do, rather than enter nirvana?
Definition
They stay on earth to assist others to reach enlightenment
Term
What country mainly practiced Vajrayana Buddhism until 1959, when _____ claimed its land?
Definition
Tibet
- China
Term
Where do some Vajrayana Buddhists live in exile?
Definition
Northern India
Term
What fraction of men in Tibet were monks?
Definition
1/6
Term
Is Vajrayana monotheistic or polytheistic?
Definition
polytheistic
Term
Mandalas:
Mudras:
Mantras:
Definition
- Patterned icons that visually excite
-Choreographed hand movements
- Resonating chants
Term
What are Vajrayana Buddhism's special spiritual leaders called?
- Most important one?
Definition
Lamas
- Dalai Lama
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