Term
| 1.Abhidharma (Abhidhamma) |
|
Definition
| texts that provide analytical categories of the Dharma, break down the dharma into the smallest factors of existence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to do no harm. includes not killing insects - relates to the first precept and the idea that everything has a karmic consequence |
|
|
Term
| 3.Amitabha (Japanese: Amida) |
|
Definition
| is a celestial Buddha in Mahayana Buddhism; exists in a divine world and will continue to do so until the final resolution of all things in the body of essence; Is a symbol of transcendental perfection and personifies infinite wisdom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in Zen Buddhism Ananda was the 2nd Patriarch (in India); first cousin of the buddha and personal attendant; He stood up for women when the Buddha didn't want to let women become nuns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a serial killer who thought once he killed 1,000 people he would acheive enlightenment. He found the Buddha for his 1,000th kill. the Buddha showed him the dharma and Angulimala changed his ways and became enlightened. while he was forgiven for his killings, he still had the karma he had to deal with. Shows the power of the dharma and truth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enlightened Buddha; an arhat has realized enlightment and in order to acheive that enlightnment, he followed the path of the Buddha; Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism have slightly different definitions of the term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an Indian emperor; embraced Buddhism after witnessing mass deaths during a war. he constructed many monuments that played a large role in Gautama Buddha's life. He embraced nonviolence, love, truth, and tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a demon that is found in the world of desire-it is used as punishment and is linked with celestial elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bodhisattva who is reincarnated as the Dalai Lama. Portrayed as a female, often times holding a baby. is an assistant to Amitabha and is seen as omnipresent, omnipotent, and a savior figure. Additionally she has been a Buddha in the past and will be again when her people need her guidance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fully ordained male monk. they keep the 5 precepts, and live a simple meditative life in order to reach enlightenment and nirvana; in order to become ordained they much; they wear robes and shave their heads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fully ordained female nun. they keep the 5 precepts, and live a simple meditative life in order to reach enlightenment and nirvana; in order to become ordained they much; they wear robes and shave their heads; created as request of one of the Buddha's realiatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| someone who seeks enlightenment for the good of everyone, teaches, and chooses to be reborn to continue teaching. In order to be reborn the Bodhisattvas can't be fully enlightened so they remain attached to one thing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the orthodox tradition that accepted the 4 vedas; karma came from this branch of buddhim as well as using meditation as a way to gain salvation from the cycle of time and placing a high value on religious introspection and insight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a Buddha is an enlightened person who decides to teach the dharma. Regardless of who a person was before becoming a Buddha, all Buddahs are the same because once they reach enlightenment they don't concern themselves with frivilous matters. Terms for a Buddha include - Siddartha Gautama, Sakyamuni Buddha, Tathagata (Thus Come One), and Lord Buddha |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a buddhist leader; is a reincarnation of Avalokitesvara who has chosen to come back to earth to enlighten others; is currently living in excile due to disagreements between Tibet and China; has stated that future Dalai Lamas may be found outside Tibet and may be female. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generosity; not only giving of things but oneself. It has the effect of purifying and transforming the mind of the giver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wikipedia: refers to the causal relations between the psychophysical phenomena that sustain dukkha(dissatisfaction) in worldly experience[1].
the chain that continues suffering; if one is broken then suffering will be eliminated. chain is-suffering, faith, joy, rapture, tranquility, happiness, concentration, knowledge of things as they are, disenchantment with worldly life, dispassion, freedom/release/emancipation, knowledge of destruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| earth; you are born into the desire realm based on past karma/intentions; used to refer to samsara existence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cousin of the buddha who vowed to kill the Buddha; determined it was impossible to murder the Buddha The Buddha declared he would be reborn in hell. he was expelled from the monastic community and died, was cremated and his remains reappeared in hell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of nat, or super-human beings. non-humans who are more powerful and live longer than humans, but can have effects on ordinary humans. Most common in folk Theravada communities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the teaching, the law, reality, how reality works. Is one of the 3 refuges. can lead you to the 4th truth. The dharma contains lots of parables and sutras to help people understand and reach enlightenment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meditation or meditative states; one of three "three essential studies" or "threefold training of Buddhism" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the 4 nobel truths. Its most common translation is "suffering" but can also be unease or frustration. It is the idea that life is impermanate and we can't hold on to what we want. dukkha is cause by our selfish desires and clinging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the Fourth Noble Truth. Lays out the path to remove suffering from one's life. Middle Path (ascetism & indulgence). The Buddha found that this path works for him, the question is, will it work for you? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Constitutes the basic Buddhist code of ethics, undertaken by lay followers and monks in Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.
Abstain from:
1. KILLING
2. STEALING
3. SEXUAL MISCONDUCT
4. LYING
5. INTOXICATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Represent the right view. Allow one to see things as they really are. Summarize the Buddha's teachings. See suffering as a disease to be healed.
1. THE NATURE OF SUFFERING (DUKKHA)
2. SUFFERING'S ORIGIN
3. SUFFERING'S CESSATION
4. THE PATH LEADING TO THE CESSATION OF SUFFERING |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of most important texts in Mahayana Buddhism. Discusses emptiness of everything, and implications of the realization of this fact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jainism forming during lifetime of the Buddha. Different from Buddhism: a soul in each person, extreme asceticism. Same: nonviolence. Focuses on Karmic consequences of actions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tales of previous births of the Buddha. Part of the Pali Cannon. Discuss Buddha's actions in previous lives, which others should use for guidance. Used by monks to bring Dhamma to lay people in a comprehensible/popular way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jodo=Pure Land. Faith oriented. Could hope to be reborn in Western paradise. Promised salvation to those who performed chanting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Duration of time between the origin of the world and its destruction. World follows cyclic pattern. After some time, world & cyclic nature begin again. A Buddha appears every kalpa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The law of cause and effect. Taken from Indian traditions. Theory that every action has a positive or negative consequence. Falls withing 4th aggregate. Determines next life. |
|
|
Term
| 33.Mahaprajapati or Mahapajapati |
|
Definition
| First woman to request to be come a nun. Asked to create order of nuns--originally denied by the Buddha. Probably result of ancient Indian culture. Was eventually able to convince the Buddha to allow nuns. (She was the Buddha's maternal aunt) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| School of Buddhism. Madhyamika: Interdependence, Yogacara: perceiving/mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Waiting in Toschida to enter our world and be a new Buddha for us. Pre-incarnation: laughing Buddha (Mi lo Bodhisattva) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decline of law in the world. (Buddha's teachings) Not a part of human nature. External thing preventing one from getting away from suffering. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mara is the being that slays/causes to die. Symbol of suffering in Buddhism. Tried to distract Siddhartha during his meditation. Defeated by Siddhartha. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Offering to the Buddha creates merit. Merit generates rewards in future lives of the generous person. Must give without selfish motivation & favoritism in order to receive merit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allows one to gain freedom from habitual actions/responses. Can liberate mind by producing insight(vipassana) into the true nature of things. Must first gain awareness of self. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spirit worship not contradiction to Buddhism. This is an example of a religion only somewhat assimilable into Buddhism. Nat spirits represent dead human being that have jurisdiction over specified area (i.e. forest, hill, house, etc.). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focus on teaching of Lotus Sutra/ chanting of Lotus Sutra name. Nichiren believes that one should surrender themselves to text, this is the way to salvation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Offshoot of Buddhism that incorporated some Bramanical traditions, such as their view on Karma. Focus on Dhamma, the teaching of the Buddha after his death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unthinkable and incomprehensible because it is beyond reason and logic. Not a state one enters. Means extinction from ignorant craving. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of 3 baskets. Oral tradition represented here by preservation of works in accordance with the teacher. Hard to discern date/origin of texts as result of oral tradition. |
|
|
Term
| 45.Prajnaparamia literature |
|
Definition
| Prajnaparamita=Perfection of Wisdom. Describes earliest of Mahayana writings. For example: Heart Sutra & Diamond Sutra. |
|
|
Term
| 46.Pratimoksha (Patimokkha) |
|
Definition
| Theravada code of monastic discipline. Code to be followed by monks and nuns (nuns have more to follow). A monk who breaks one of these codes, is kicked out. They have destroyed their chance in this life to become fully enlightened. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlightened by oneself. Pali tradition. solitary figure who lives in remote regions, leading to a solitary existence and meditation alone. Tradition states that the pratyekabudda does not teach; is born and attains enlightenment at a time when no Buddha existed. Because this person does not teach, the Mahayana tradition sees this person as selfish and narrow-minded. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Within the Mahayana tradition, a school or movement that emphasizes rebirth in the Pure Land as a result of meritorious deeds and faith and devotion to the Buddha Amitabha. Amitabha functions as a messianic buddha who vowed to lead sentient beings to enlightenment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Monastic community. Uniting feature is the Patimokkha, which means bonds, and represents a confession of faith chanted by the monks, a verbal action that declared their bond of brotherhood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Language typical of ancient Brahmanical religion or Mahayana Buddhism. Primary liturgical language of Buddhism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sakyamuni = "Sage of the Sakyas." Name given in some texts to The Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, for his CLAN NAME. Father was of the Sakya Clan. |
|
|
Term
| 53.Siddhartha Gautama (Siddhattha Gotama) |
|
Definition
| Known as the Historical Buddha, born 500 BCE (or 400BCE), in India. Siddhartha means "he whose aim is accomplished" Gautama the name of the tribe of his father. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aggregates of existence (Form, Sensation, Perception, Intention, Consciousness). Part of the Theravada View on the Basic understanding of nature/existence. Use meditation to decompose things into 5 skandhas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the remains of a Buddha or saint, used by Buddhists as a place of worship. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emptiness. Void. Nothing. Zilch. Nada. etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| canonical scriptures, many of which are regarded as records of the oral teachings of Gautama Buddha |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined as a scripture taught by the Buddha describing the Vajrayana practices. According to Tibetan Buddhist Tantric master Lama Thubten Yeshe: ...each one of us is a union of all universal energy. Everything that we need in order to be complete is within us right at this very moment. It is simply a matter of being able to recognize it. This is the tantric approach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Word means "teachings of the elders." The oldest surviving Buddhist school. It was founded in India. Theravada Buddhism, one principle branch of Buddhist belief.Theravada (Pali for "School of the Elders") claims to perpetuate the true teachings and practices of the Buddha. Its canon of scripture consists of the Tipitaka (Three Baskets) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eminent Vietnamese Buddhist teachers. Also a prolific author. His famously austere style of writing has been widely translated and read in the western world. |
|
|
Term
| 61.Three Gems (Three Treasures, Three Jewels, Three Refuges) |
|
Definition
1.Buddha: Enlightened One- can mean the historical Buddha or the Buddha nature—the ideal or highest spiritual potential that exists within all beings;
2. Dharma: The Teaching- the teachings of the Buddha.
3. Sangha: The Community- The community of those who have attained enlightenment, who may help a practicing Buddhist to do the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buddhist layman (male) refers to sitting down near someone. One gives respectful attention to the person who teaches. spirit and intent behind an act of giving is important for laypeople. important for them to give wihtout any selfish motivation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buddhist layman (Female) refers to sitting down near someone. One gives respectful attention to the person who teaches. spirit and intent behind an act of giving is important for laypeople. important for them to give wihtout any selfish motivation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vajrayana tradition of Tibet. siddha (perfected one, enlightened ideal person- trace roots to perfected figures. within context of Buddhism, Tantra is called Vajrayana (diamond/thunderbolt vehicle).
Wiki says: vajrayana is a complex and multifaceted system of Buddhist thought and practice which evolved over several centuries and encompasses much inconsistency and a variety of opinions.[1] Its main scriptures are called Tantras.[1] A distinctive feature of Vajrayana Buddhism is ritual, which is used as a substitute or alternative for the earlier abstract meditations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sanskrit for knowledge. The Vedas are the ancient scriptures or revelation (Shruti) of the Hindu teachings. They reflect into human language the language of the Gods. There are four Vedas, each consisting of four parts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is one of the most popular avadānas of Theravada Buddhism. The Vessantara Jataka tells the story of one of Buddha's past lives, about a compassionate prince, Vessantara, who gives away everything he owns, including his wife and children, thereby displaying the virtue of perfect charity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vinaya-pitaka (basket of monastic dicipline) one of the 3 baskets in the Pali canon. covers the rules and precepts govering monastic life, and gives the circumstantial context for a particular rule. The vinaya literature is divided into 3 main categoriesL suttavibhanga, Khandhaka, and Parivara. A guide for the monastic community. literal meaning of vinaya- to lead away from- persumably from moral and ethical faults. the code of dicipline in the vinaya presupposed those who violated it were undiciplined. they were intented to bring a person to salvation. monastic code. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insight. mindfullness can liberate the mind by producing vipassana into the true nature of things. is a part of consciousness and practice of meditation. transcendental insight- enables us to see the nature of things, the truth of impermanence and suffering, and knowledge of the 4 noble truths. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| empahsis is on transmission of the truth from the mind of the enlightened master to the student. chan (chinese)- term that represents a chinese translation of the sanskrit work for meditation. tradition specializing in meditation. represents directness of its teachings- mind to mind transmission of truth. 1. importance of student teacher relationship 2. avoid scriptures to be icons. the zen position is that virtually anything can become an idol. human beings have a very close relationship to nature because a person is not only in nature, but nature is also in the person. |
|
|
Term
| 1.What are the three refuges and what is their role in Buddhism? (list and briefly explain) |
|
Definition
| Buddha, the teacher; Dharma, the teaching; Sangha, the community. The buddha is someone who has reached enlightenment and can teach the dharma or the ways of/path to enlightenment. The sangha is the community of people that follow the dharma. |
|
|
Term
| 2.What are the five precepts or vows taken by lay Buddhists? (list and briefly explain) |
|
Definition
| not to: kill, steal, lie, have inappropriate sex, or drink alcohol All 5 of these precepts are seen in Buddhism as things that distract a person from reaching enlightenment. Individuals do not have to take all 5 precepts. Unlike the 10 commandments individuals can pick and choose which precepts they would like to follow. the precepts are a form of internal control. |
|
|
Term
| 3.What are the three fundamental afflictions or unwholesome roots (“three poisons”) and what do they do? (list and briefly explain) (see page 96) |
|
Definition
| They are: greed, hatred, and delusion. They are negative aspects of the unconsciousness, just like cankers. They feed one's cravings. Greed feeds and inclination for sensual satisfaction; hatred enhances a drive toward aggression; and delusion leads to more ignorance. The unwholesome roots motivate/encourage negativity. Constantly in conflict within ourselves because of how our unconscious dispositions effect our consciousness. The unwholesome roots are, from the mouth of Dr. Reed, "mental states that cause suffering." |
|
|
Term
| 4.Name the three categories of scriptures in the Tripitaka and briefly explain what they consist of. |
|
Definition
| The Tripitaka is the Buddhist cannon, it consists of the 3 baskets of scripture: the Sutra Pitaka, the Vinaya Pitaka, and the Abhidharma Pitaka. The Sutra pitaka is teachings of enlightened beings. Though other dudes made their mark, the Sutra Pitaka mostly contains teachings of the Buddha. The Vinaya Pitaka is a collection of rules, and stories of the origin and examples of why the rules exists. The Pratimoksha is part of the Vinaya Pitaka--these are a list of rules that ordained monks must follow. The Abhidharma Pitaka provides analytical categories of the Dharma. It contains lists of things, that are real boring. But yea, if you want to mediate on these categories, you can apparently gain a better understanding of it, whatever it is. The works in the Abhidharma Pitaka break everything down to their smallest Dharmic value. |
|
|
Term
| 5.What are the Four Noble Truths? (list and explain) |
|
Definition
| The Four Noble Truths are: Dukkha (suffering), origin/cause, cessation, path. So, Dukkha is suffering, unease, or frustration (not easily translated). But really, it says not all life is painful suffering, and we can't have everything that we want. The origin/cause explains the origin/cause of the Dukkha--which is craving and selfish desire, so get over yourself... And cessation tells us that it is possible to remove the Dukkha from our lives. And last, the path is the way to reach cessation. It is the Eightfold path--do as it says. The Eightfold Path helps us to remove craving and selfish desire from our lives, so that we may become enlightened. The Buddha has found this path and shares it with us. It is not a suppression of desire, it is a removal of desire. (ps Dukkha said in a particular way would remind me of the sound poo makes when falling into the toilet...if this helps you remember what it means) |
|
|
Term
| 6.In what countries does Theravada Buddhism dominate? And in what countries does Mahayana Buddhism dominate? |
|
Definition
| Theravada Buddhism dominates: Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Southern India, Sri Lanka Mahayana Buddhism dominates: Originated in India. China, Japan, Tibet, Korea, Vietnam and Taiwan |
|
|
Term
| 7.What are the Four Divine States of Mind (or four brahma-viharas or four immeasurables)? (list and briefly explain) |
|
Definition
| Cultivating four feelings (usually through meditation): The four immeasurables: 1. Loving-kindness- towards all: the hope that a person will be well; "the wish that all sentient beings, without any exception, be happy." 2. Compassion- the hope that a person's sufferings will diminish; "the wish for all sentient beings to be free from suffering." 3. Sympathetic Joy - joy in the accomplishments of a person — oneself or another; sympathetic joy; "the wholesome attitude of rejoicing in the happiness and virtues of all sentient beings." 4. Equanimity- learning to accept loss and gain, praise and blame, and success and failure, all with detachment, equally, for oneself and for others. Equanimity is "not to distinguish between friend, enemy or stranger, but regard every sentient being as equal. It is a clear-minded tranquil state of mind - not being overpowered by delusions, mental dullness or agitation." |
|
|
Term
| 8.What are the five skandhas (aggregates)? (list and briefly explain) |
|
Definition
| The Buddhist view is that every individual is an entity composed of five qualities: The Five Skandhas, 1. Form(matter)- made up of the 4 primary material elements: earth, water, fire, wind. None of these can exist independently. It is directly connected to the cycle of causation because the human body is the link to the physical world. 2. Sensation- includes all pleasant, unpleasant, or neutal sensations based on 6 organs and their objects: eye enables sight, ear enables sound, nose enables odor, tongue enables taste, body" enables touch, mind enables the thoughts and ideas. 3. Perception- imply recognition, relationship between the six sense doors and their six external objects: visible objects, sounds, smells, tastes, tangibles and mental objects. Fixation on any one of these can lead to obsession which prevents enlightenment. 4. Intention- impulses to action. Volition (will) actions produce karmic effects (the feeling/intent behind an action). Emotional or moral response to object depending on what you think it is and what your intention is. 5. Consciousness- reaction to 6 objects. Viewed as pure awareness, and is impermanent. Being simply aware of an object. For example, perception recognizes the ball is red, while consciousness is aware of the presence of color. These five aggregates are conditioned. They arise from causes and circumstances. Like all phenomena, they come and go; endure and change and disappear. Since we are composed of these, we are impermanent. |
|
|
