Term
| What is the difference between an artery and a vein? |
|
Definition
artery: away from heart Vein: to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the pericardium; membranes become dry and produce a painful friction rub with each heartbeat (lack of pericardial fluid); angina, increased HR, problems breathing |
|
|
Term
| List the layers of the pericardium and heart wall from most superficial to most deep |
|
Definition
- fibrous layer
- parietal pericardium
- visceral pericardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
|
|
|
Term
| What is the fibrous skeleton? where is it located? what are its functions (3)? |
|
Definition
- collagen and elastic fibers b/t chambers and around valves
[image] - structural support
- as a non-conductor of electricity, serves as insulator between atria and ventricles
- anchors myocardium
|
|
|
Term
| what is the fossa ovalis? |
|
Definition
| used to be a hole b/t the RA and LA in a fetus, but after 1st breath, flaps come together |
|
|
Term
| What is mean by a "hole in the heart"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do all the coronary veins empty into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what separates the atria from one another? the ventricles? |
|
Definition
| the interatrial septum and interventricular septum |
|
|
Term
| What is on the inside surface of the right atrium wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is on the inside walls of the ventricles? |
|
Definition
| internal ridges called trabeculae carneae |
|
|
Term
| In the ventricles, what attaches to the cusps of the AV valves? |
|
Definition
| Papillary muscles with tendonous cords |
|
|
Term
| Describe the path of blood starting from the vena cava and out the aorta |
|
Definition
- blood flows thru IVC and SVC --> RA
- blood flows from RA --> RV via right AV valve
- as pressure builds up in RV and RV contracts, blood pushes against right AV valve, closing it and --> pulmonary trunk via the pulmonary valve
- blood goes to lungs, become enriched with O2
- blood from lungs to LA via the pulmonary veins
- blood flows from LA --> LV via mitral valve
- as pressure builds up in LV and LV contracts at the same time as RV, blood pushes against mitral valve, closing it and flows into aorta via aortic valve
|
|
|
Term
| What is a CAD (Coronary Artery Disease)? what are the causes? |
|
Definition
- narrowing of coronary arteries that results in insufficient blood flow to the myocardium
- cause: atherosclerotic plaque may become complicated plaque, causing walls to be rigid
- obstruction of blood flow/too much blockage and blood clot seals off/clot can break free from artheroma and block another CA downstream
- leads to Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
|
|
|
Term
| What is one way to treat a CAD? |
|
Definition
| by-pass graft--take a vessel from another part of body and graft from aorta to part of CA that isn't blocked |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that can change your heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an ectopic focus? |
|
Definition
| another site of the heart that assumes the pace-maker role with the SA node fails. the ectopic focus usually fires too slowly to sustain life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when electrical signals are blocked, can't travel normally through the caridac system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uncoordinated contractions, atria and ventricles contract in an out-of-sync way |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is heart failure? Which sides of the heart does this happen to? |
|
Definition
| impairment of the heart to fill or pump a sufficient amount of blood through the body; happens more to the left side |
|
|
Term
| What is mitral valve prolapse? |
|
Definition
| when one or both mitral valve cusps balloon into the atrium during ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibodies against stretococci or other bacteria attack tissues of the heart valves, casuing scarring and constriction (stenosis) of the valves, esp the mitral valve regugitation of blood thru the valve cuases turbulence heard as a heart murmur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uncoordinated contractions of the ventricular myocardium w/ no effective ejection of blood, often caused by MI (myocardial infarction); the usual cuase of death in heart attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is MI (myocardial infarction)? |
|
Definition
| heart attack, due to lack of blood to the myocardium |
|
|
