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| Abrasion is mechanical scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving particles during their transport in wind, glacier, waves, gravity or running water, after friction, the moving particles dislodge loose and weak debris from the side of the rock, these particles can be dissolved in the water source. |
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| An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. |
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| The base level of a river or stream is the lowest point to which it can flow, often referred to as the 'mouth' of the river. |
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| The term Bed load describes particles in a flowing fluid (usually a river) that are transported along the bed. This is in opposition to suspended load and wash load which are carried entirely in suspension. |
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| A landform at the mouth of a river. |
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| The amount of water flowing through the river. |
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| A water divide between the drainage of two oceans |
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| A drainage basin is an extent of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, resovior, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean. |
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| A flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas - washes, rivers and streams. It is caused by heavy rain associated with a thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical storm. |
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| A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a stream or river that experiences occasional or periodic flooding. |
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| A gully is a landform created by running water eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside. |
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| Headward erosion is a fluvial process of erosion that lengthens a stream, a valley or a gully at its head and also enlarges its drainage basin. |
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| A levee, levée, dike (or dyke), embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial slope or wall to prevent flooding of the land behind it. |
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| A meander in general is a bend in a sinuous watercourse, also known as an oxbow loop, or simply an oxbow. |
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| An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake water body formed when a wide meander from the mainstream of a river is cut off to create a lake. |
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| Most potholes are formed due to fatigue of the pavement surface. As fatigue cracks develop they typically interlock in a pattern known as "alligator cracking". |
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| A solution is a homogenues mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. |
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| A stream can be defined as any flowing body of water in a clearly defined channel. Streams may increase the size of their valleys by the erosion of the soil and rock surrounding their channels, either by widening their valleys or by headward erosion. |
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| A mixture of two chemicals with the character that one does not rapidly settle out. |
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| A water gap is an opening or notch which flowing water has carved through a mountain range. Water gaps often offer a practical route for roads and railroads to cross a mountain ridge. |
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