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BSS Chapter 14 Vocab
Plate Tectonics and Volcanoes
30
Science
11th Grade
01/12/2009

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Term
ash[image]
Definition
material ejected from a volcano.
Term
blocks[image]
Definition
, a sub-division of an underground reservoir.
Term
bombs[image]
Definition
A bomb is any of a range of explosive devices that typically rely on the exothermic chemical reaction of an explosive material to produce an extremely sudden and violent release of energy.
Term
cinder cone[image]
Definition
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep conical hill of volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent.
Term
columnar basalt[image]
Definition
During the cooling of a thick lava flow, contractional joints or fractures form.
Term
batholith[image]
Definition
A batholith (from Greek bathos, depth + lithos, rock) is a large emplacement of igneous intrusive (also called plutonic) rock that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust.
Term

Composite or strato-volcano[image]

Definition
 stratovolcano, sometimes inappropriately called a composite volcano, is a tall, conical volcano with many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash.
Term

dike[image]

Definition
A dike or dyke in geology is a type of sheet intrusion referring to any geologic body that cuts discordantly across.
Term
felsic[image]
Definition
Felsic is a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium.
Term
hot spot[image]
Definition
a location above a hot upwelling plume of mantle.
Term
IO[image]
Definition
a moon of Jupiter.
Term
island arc[image]
Definition
A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma.
Term
joints[image]
Definition
A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact.
Term
laccolith[image]
Definition
A laccolith is an igneous intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock.
Term
lapilli[image]
Definition
Lapilli is a size classification term for tephra, which is material that falls out of the air during a volcanic eruption.
Term
lava[image]
Definition
Lava is molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption.
Term
lopolith[image]
Definition
A lopolith is a large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region.
Term
mafic[image]
Definition
Mafic is an adjective describing a silicate mineral or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron; the term was derived by contracting "magnesium" and "ferric".
Term
shield volcano[image]
Definition
A shield volcano is a large volcano with shallow-sloping sides.
Term

rift eruption[image]

Definition
 rift zone is a feature of some volcanoes, especially the shield volcanoes of Hawaii, in which a linear series of fissures in the volcanic edifice allows lava to be erupted from the volcano's flank instead of from its summit.
Term
pyroclastic[image]
Definition
Pyroclastic rocks or pyroclastics (derived from the Greek πῦρ, meaning fire, and κλαστός, meaning broken) are clastic rocks composed solely or primarily of volcanic materials.
Term
pluton[image]
Definition
A pluton in geology is an intrusive igneous rock body that crystallized from a magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth.
Term
olympus mons[image]
Definition
Olympus Mons (Latin for "Mount Olympus") is the tallest known volcano and mountain in the Solar System.
Term
magma[image]
Definition
Magma (Plurals include: magmas and magmata) is molten rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets.
Term
volcanoes[image]
Definition
A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface.
Term
volcanic neck[image]
Definition
 volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic landform created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano.
Term
tephra[image]
Definition
Tephra is air-fall material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition or fragment size.
Term
subduction eruption[image]
Definition
subduction eruptions occur in tall conical mountains composed of lava flows and other ejecta in alternate layers, the strata that give rise to the name.
Term
stock[image]
Definition
Stock typically takes the form of shares of either common stock or preferred stock.
Term
sill[image]
Definition
a tabular mass of rock.
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