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BSI- Lecture 12
BSI Lecture 12
53
Biology
Graduate
09/07/2013

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Term
Presents a permeability barrier to certain substances but not to others
Definition
lipid "core"
Term
Allows a cell to control its intracellular environment to some extent
Definition
Lipid core (permeable barrier)
Term
An asymmetrical distribution indicates some form of:
Definition
concentrating or extruding mechanism
Term
O2, CO2, N2, Benzene are examples of:
Definition
small hydrophobic molecules
Term
H20, Glycerol, ethanol are examples of:
Definition
Small uncharged polar molecules
Term
Amino acids, glucose, nucleosides are examples of:
Definition
Larger uncharged polar molecules
Term
H+, NA+, HCO3-, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and Mg2+ are examples are:
Definition
ions
Term
Is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low this is energetically favorable
Definition
Diffusion
Term
Is the movement of a substance from an area of ____concentration to ____ this is energetically favorable
Definition
High to Low
Term
Diffusion can occur in what phases:
Definition
liquid or gas
Term
In water-based biological systems diffusion is _____ but the path is convoluted as substances collide frequently
Definition
rapid
Term
Diffusion is effective over ____ distances
Definition
short
Term
Diffustion time _____ by the square of the distance but ___ with increased area
Definition
increases ----decreases
Term
Diffusion time _____ the greater the concentration difference
Definition
decreases
Term
Diffusion is more rapid the ____ the substances
Definition
rapid
Term
Diffusion is due to ____ energy and therefore ____ as temperature increases
Definition
kinetic ---- increases
Term
The cell _____ in hypotonic solutions
Definition
swells
Term
The cell _____ in isotonic solutions
Definition
no change
Term
The cell _____ in hypertonic solutions
Definition
shrinks
Term
When a concentration difference occurs across a membrane but the substance/solute is impermeable water will move in the _____ in an attempt to equalize the concentrations...this is known as:
Definition
opposite duration ---> osmosis
Term
Osmotic pressure depends on the number of ______
Definition
solute particles only
Term
A molar solution of a substance that does not dissociate exerts an osmotic pressure of _____
Definition
10smole
Term
Dissociation into two ions _____ the osmotic pressure
Definition
doubles
Term
Movement between cells can be affected by the presence of:
Definition
tight junctions
Term
The _______ of bodily fluids including _____ is strictly regulated
Definition
osmotic pressure ----cytoplasm
Term
will move water out of cells and cause them to shrink
Definition
hypertonic
Term
Will move water into cells and cause them to cell or even burst/lyse
Definition
hypotonic
Term
We do not have ____ like plants to prevent hypotonic solutions
Definition
cell walls
Term
equal osmotic pressure
Definition
isotonicity
Term
the ____ perform the task of equalizing the osmotic pressure
Definition
ion "pumps"
Term
Because of water's permeability it cannot be directly pump/transported but must follow changes in osmotic pressure, meaning that typically ____ is pumped and water follows
Definition
NaCL
Term
Proteins exerts _____ and this can be a significant factor especially in fluid exchange in capillaries
Definition
osmotic pressure
Term
forces water out of capillaries but the oncotic pressure of the plasma proteins draws water back typically resulting in very little net fluid loss to the tissues
Definition
Hydrostatic pressure
Term
non-permeable solutes require a ____ to cross plasma membranes
Definition
transporter
Term
If you go against the gradient it requires:
Definition
energy
Term
The two types of diffusions:
Definition
simple and facilitated
Term
The type of transport that required energy
Definition
active
Term
Doesn't require energy however requires protein carrier
Definition
Facilitated Diffusion
Term
Form aqueous channels that allow ions to flow down their electrochemical gradients through a hydrophilic "pore" transport pump
Definition
transmembrane proteins
Term
binds solutes on either side of the membrane and then change conformation so transferring the solute to the other side
Definition
transports/pumps
Term
If the cell interior is negative relative to the surrounding IF/ECF it will:
Definition
enhance the flow of positive ions but repel the flow of negative ions
Term
Unlike charges attract
Definition
cations
Term
Like charges repel
Definition
anions
Term
depends on concentration differences and the electrical potential across the membrane
Definition
Ion flow
Term
If no energy is required the solute diffuses:
Definition
down the concentration gradient
Term
If the flow is against the concentration or electrochemical gradient it is termed ____ and requires _____
Definition
active transport----Requires ATP
Term
If a passive transport of one solute is linke to the transport of another solute it is said to be ______
Definition
coupled
Term
If an active ingredient of one solute is linked to the transport of another solute it is called:
Definition
secondary active transport
Term
Transport of a substance in one direction is termed:
Definition
uniport
Term
Transport of two or more substances in the same directed is termed:
Definition
symport
Term
Transport of two or more substances in opposite directions is termed:
Definition
antiport
Term
If electrical neutrality is maintained by either transporting equivalent positive and negative ions or exchanging ions with the same charge only the ______ matters.
Definition
concentration gradient
Term
transport that required energy
Definition
active
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