Term
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Definition
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid |
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Term
| 4 traits shared by all life molecules |
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Definition
1.Carbon based
1.formed from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and Phosphorus
3.Modular construction (same molecule repeated over and over)
4.Function depends on structure |
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Term
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Definition
1.composed of C,H,O
Functions:
Energy storage (in the C-H bonds, sugars, starch, etc.)
For structure in plants (cellulose for cell wall)
Carbon sources to make other life’s molecules (nucleic acids, amino acids, etc.) |
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Term
| Three types of Carbohydrates |
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Definition
Monosaccharides- one, Disaccharides- two monos, polysaccharides- many monos
Monos - Cn H2n On Ex C2H4O2 |
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Term
| Lipids (parts and functions) (8) |
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Definition
Three main types: 1.Fats (solids) and oils(liquids) 2.Steroids 3.Phospholipids Lipids Functions: 1.part of the cell membrane 2.as a long term energy storage 3.energy storage of lipids: a.Monoglyceride - glycerol+ 1 fatty chain b.Di" "- " " 2nd fatty chain c.Tri" "- " " 3rd fatty acid chain |
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Term
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Definition
-20 amino acids
-composed of C,H,O,S(sulfur),N
Function:
-building block of the cell
-transport: controls what passes through the cell membrane
-Enzymes: to speed up chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
-composed of C,H,O,P,N
-is a long chain of nucleotides, which is made up of:
1. sugar
2.phosphate
3.nitrogenous base
Three main parts:
DNA: carries out info about the entire cell
RNA: carries instructions from the DNA for synthesizing proteins
ATP: a nucleotide which has the role of energy transfer/exchange
Functions: information storage, the ATP is the energy carrier |
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Term
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Definition
1) Cell is the basic unit of life
2) Organisms are composed of cells
3) Cells arise from other cells |
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Term
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Definition
-lacks organelles
-smaller than plant or animal cells
-bacteria cell
-only has cell membrane(which holds DNA inside) |
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Term
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Definition
-has organelles
-plant and animals have this cell |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized structures for carrying out cellular activities: nuclei, mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
-protects and supports the cell
-made of cellulose
Middle lamella- glue that sticks two cells together |
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Term
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Definition
| The foundational structure of plasma membranes; it is composed of two layers of phospholipids positioned such that their polar hydrophilic heads face outward and their nonpolar hydrophobic tails are directed inward, blocking entry of water and water-soluble material into the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - connects to cells together allowing them to transprot material from one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| matrix of water, proteins, ions, and organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -everything inside the cell wall(plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Chloroplast
4. Vacuole
5. Endoplasmic reticulum
6. Golgi apparatus
Cell structures
7.Ribosomes
8.Cytoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
-Contains DNA in chromosomes
- Nucleolus - where chromosomes reside |
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Term
| Chloroplasts and its parts |
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Definition
-Contain chlorophyll – the major light-absorbing pigment for photosynthesis
-Chlorophyll makes plant green
-CO2, H20, and sunlight created sugar for photosynthesis
Parts:
thylakiods- contain chlorophyll and convert absorbed light into high-energy compounds
-stroma- contains the enzymes that use those high-energy compounds to convert CO2 into sugars |
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Term
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Definition
-the powerhouse of the cell
-Provides energy for cellular activities by converting the energy of sugars into the energy of ATP (respiration)
- turns sugar into CO2 and H20
- consumes oxygen
- Respiration - the opposite of photosynthesis |
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Term
| Parts of the Mitochondria |
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Definition
Matrix – enzymes for breaking down sugars
Inner membrane – site of ATP synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
-stores watery solution of sugars, salts, acids, and proteins
- makes cell turgid (its water pressure)
- has a membrane called tonoplast |
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Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): a network of folded membranes throughout the cytoplasm
Smooth ER: used for synthesis and transport of lipids
Rough ER : has ribosomes for protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Modifies proteins, lipids from the ER.
Packages these materials in vesicles to the plasma membrane.
“UPS of the cell” |
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Term
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Definition
-the site for protein synthesis
-Use information contained in DNA to produce proteins
-Translate the RNA sequence into an amino acid sequence -> functional protein |
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Term
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Definition
- a network of protein ‘cables’ that provide structural support and transport guidelines in the cell
- mitosis (chromosome division) and cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between Pl and fatty acids is that PL contains phosphorus;the phosphate makes it love water hydrophilic |
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Term
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Definition
| structured different (4 carbon rings and side group); includes sex hormones, cortisone, and cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| made of Fatty Acids and Glycerol molecules; hates water(hydrophobic) |
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