Term
| Similarities in reproduction between mammalian infraclasses |
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Definition
- Internal fertilization
- Nourish young with milk from mammary glands |
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Term
mode of reproduction :
Prototheria (Monotremes) |
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Definition
- Lay eggs
- Young left in nest or pouch-like abdominal groove
- no nipples
- No placenta |
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Term
mode of reproduction:
Metatheria (Marsupials) |
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Definition
- Give birth to live, partially developed young
- Young carried on nipples, often in pouch
- Usually a simple placenta, but some species more complex than others |
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Term
mode of reproduction:
Eutheria (Placentals) |
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Definition
- Give birth to well developed young
- Young usually not carried attached to nipples
- Complex placenta |
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Term
Highly altricial young:
Echidna |
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Definition
1. Lay (usually) 1 egg that hatches in 9 days
2. After hatching it lives in its mother's pouch for 12 weeks
3. Spines at 8 weeks
4. At 12 weeks eyes open and baby leaves pouch for burrow
5. Weaned at 20 weeks |
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Term
Highly altricial young:
Platypus |
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Definition
1. Lays 1 or 2 eggs in a burrow nest
2. Incubates 12 days then hatches
3. Hair at 7 weeks
4. Eyes open at 9 weeks
5. Weaned at 16 weeks |
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Term
Metatheria (Marsupials):
Highly altricial young
(gestation) |
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Definition
- Highly altricial young
- Short gestation (8-43 days)
- Young born extremely small relative to adult size
--> Dasyurus (quoll)infant 1/4,250 of adult size
--> kangaroo infant 1/33,400 of adult size |
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Term
Metatheria (Marsupials)
-at birth |
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Definition
- Organs not completely developed
- Heart: incomplete separation of the ventricles
- Lungs: no alveoli
- Naked
- Blind |
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Term
Metatheria (Marsupials)
-after birth |
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Definition
- Well-developed front limbs for grasping fur
- Move to pouch or (if pouchless) grab ahold of teats
- Teat swells in its mouth to make a semi-permanent attachment
- Stays in pouch 1 week - 1 year
- Leaves pouch at weight roughly equivalent to birthweight of a similarly-sized placental |
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Term
Eutheria (Placentals)
-at birth |
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Definition
| Altricial or precocial young |
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Term
Female:
Structures of eutherian mammals |
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Definition
- ovary (2) - produce ova (singular= ovum)
- oviducts or fallopian tubes (2) - through which ovum travels
- uterus (1 or 2) - in which ovum implants and develops
- cervix (1 or 2) - seals uterus from external environment during fetal development and through which neonate passes at birth
vagina (1) - connects internal reproductive tract with the external world |
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Term
Female:
Structures of monotremes |
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Definition
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Term
Female:
Structures of Marsupials |
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Definition
- Dual vaginal canals; ureters join reproductive tract to form urogenital sinus
- Medial vaginal canal (usually temporary) |
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Term
| Types of eutherian reproductive systems |
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Definition
- Duplex
- Bipartite
- Bicornuate
- Simplex |
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Term
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Definition
- Uterus: 2 separate uterine horns
- Cervix: 1, but has 2 separate openings (one to each uterine horn)
- Vagina 1
- Examples: pigs, carnivores |
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Term
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Definition
- Uterus 2
- Cervix 2
- Vagina 1
- Examples: rodents, rabbits |
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Term
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Definition
- Uterus: 1 uterus with 2 horns + body
- Cervix 1
- Vagina 1
- Examples: insectivores, most ungulates, bats, some primates |
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Term
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Definition
- Uterus 1
- Cervix 1
- Vagina 1
- Examples: edentates, primates |
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Term
Neural and hormonal control of the estrous cycle
- HORMONES |
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Definition
- FSH = follicle stimulating hormone
- E = estrogen
- LH = luteinizing hormone
P=progesterone |
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Term
Neural and hormonal control of the estrous cycle
-HOW IT WORKS |
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Definition
- Development of uterine tissue and ovum within a follicle (FSH, E)
- Ovulation (LH)
1) Spontaneous
2) Induced
- Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum, secretes P
- If conception occurs, P maintains pregnancy
- If conception doesn't occur
1) Corpus luteum regresses
2) Uterine lining regresses
3) Cycle starts over |
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Term
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Definition
| ASK ABOUT DIAGRAM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
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Term
| Life processes are carried out in an aqueous medium |
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Definition
blood serum
cytoplasm of cells
digestive reactions and other enzymatic processes
interstitial water |
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Term
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Definition
Drinking
Eating
Metabolic water (a product of oxidation of organic molecules)
C6H12O6 + 6O2--> 6CO2 + 6H2O |
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Term
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Definition
Respiration
Urination
Defecation
Sweating
Lactation |
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Term
| Desert conditions are stressful to the mammalian body |
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Definition
Water loss (sweating/respiration) =1-3 % of body weight/hr
Death occurs when water loss=15-20% of body weight |
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Term
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Definition
Drink more
Eat moist food
Moisture content of food depends upon
type of food (eg, animal, plant, seeds)
humidity
time of day (hygroscopic plants) |
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Term
| dry environments: Reduce evaporative water loss |
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Definition
Heat loading
Lower metabolic rate when hot
Cooler nasal mucosa
Be nocturnal
Be fossorial
Summer estivation |
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Term
| Reduce water excreted in urine |
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Definition
Urine
Carries nitrogenous wastes from the body (urea, uric acid)
Carries other wastes (excess ions, vitamins, etc.)
Vertebrate urine is normally hypotonic to blood, but mammals (and birds) have the capability to make hypertonic urine |
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Term
| Basic anatomy and physiology of the kidney |
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Definition
Filtration of blood plasma through glomeruli
Active secretion of waste molecules
Reabsorption of solutes (glucose, amino acids) and water
Final urine concentration depends on the lengths of the loops of Henle
Facultative adjustment of the urine concentration |
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Term
| Water budget for a desert animal |
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Definition
notes
kangaroo rat vs human |
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Term
Osmoregulation in bats
The problem: |
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Definition
| Flying increases evaporative water loss |
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