Term
| Two types of nipple inversion |
|
Definition
1. retractile/umbilicated- CAN be everted
2. invaginated- true inversion- cannot be retracted |
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|
Term
| no longer recommended to correct inverted/ flat nipples |
|
Definition
| Hoffman's exercises and breast shells |
|
|
Term
| how a mother with nipple inversion can shape her nipple |
|
Definition
| place her thumb about 1.5-2 inches behind the nipple (w' fingers beneath), pulling back into her chest. Works best in side lying position. |
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|
Term
| incidence of lactation mastitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when mastitis is most likely to occur |
|
Definition
| first several weeks after delivery |
|
|
Term
| how long typical mastitis bout lasts |
|
Definition
| symptoms last aprox. 2-5 days |
|
|
Term
| standard antibiotic for lactation mastitis |
|
Definition
a penicillinase-resistant penicillin
or
a cephalosporin
must cover S. aureus |
|
|
Term
| 3 classifications of mastitis |
|
Definition
1. milk stasis
2. noninfectious inflamation
2. infectious mastitis |
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|
Term
| elevated components of mastitic milk |
|
Definition
1. anti-inflammatory components- lactoferrin sIgA
2. sodium and chloride (caused by temporary opening of paracellular pathways) |
|
|
Term
| what to rule out in repeated mastitis persists |
|
Definition
inflammatory breast cancer
(no fever, no palpable mass, no response to antibiotics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a collection of pus that must be drained |
|
|
Term
| to reasons for developing nipple and areola eczema |
|
Definition
50% previous history of eczema
50% developed when baby started solids |
|
|
Term
| typical amount of days antibiotics should be taken for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacteria most often associated with infectious mastitis |
|
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)
(golden staph) |
|
|
Term
| Commonly prescribed penicillinase-resistant penicillins |
|
Definition
amoxicillin + clavulanate
cloxacillin
dicloxacillin
flucloxacillin
oxacillin |
|
|
Term
| commonly prescribed cephalosporins for mastitis |
|
Definition
cephalexin
cephradine
cefaclor |
|
|
Term
| can be prescribed in cases of chronic mastitis |
|
Definition
Bactirim, Septra (trad names)
or
low doses of erythromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bacterial skin staph infection (most common in children)
-highly contagious
-presents on nipples as red raise pimple like bumps and crusting yellow lesions
-most often caused by S.aureus |
|
|
Term
| possible causes of crusted lesions and red bumps |
|
Definition
bacterial - impetigo, staph infection
viral- herpes simplex infection
culture should be done of lesions before crusting over occurs to decide treatment
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|
|
Term
| proper name for thrush and definition |
|
Definition
candidiasis
fungal infection (mycosis) of any of the candida (yeast) species |
|
|
Term
| what thrush looks like on a mothers nipple |
|
Definition
| striking deep pink on nipple and areola, sometimes with tiny blisters |
|
|
Term
| what mother with thrush will complain of |
|
Definition
| severe discomfort during and immediately after feeding |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for mother getting thrush |
|
Definition
bottle use in first 2 weeks
longer than 40 weeks gestation
|
|
|
Term
| risk factors for infants getting thrush |
|
Definition
bottle use
pacifier use
siblings in the house |
|
|
Term
| dietary elements that could be restricted to help over come candidiasis |
|
Definition
| alcohol, cheese, wheat, sugars |
|
|
Term
vasospasm
alternative name
symptoms
treatment |
|
Definition
-Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple
-blanched nipples after a feeding
-extreme throbbing pain
-mistaken for candidiasis
-treat with nifedipine for 2 weeks |
|
|
Term
| possible treatments for milk blisters |
|
Definition
rubbing area with damp warm cloth
imerrsing nipples in warm water
using vitamin E or olive oil |
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|
Term
| breast augmentation proper name and it's effect on breastfeeding |
|
Definition
mammoplasty
full breastfeeding is possible depending on incision site and where implant is placed (behind pectoral muscle is best) |
|
|
Term
| 2 techniques for breast reduction surgery and their implications |
|
Definition
pedicle technique- breastfeeding may be possible
free-nipple technique- breastfeeding usually not possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breastlift
theoretically shouldn't effect breastfeeding but probably does |
|
|
Term
| breast surgery with best chance of breastfeeding sucess |
|
Definition
| axillary enlargement with implant placed below the muscle |
|
|
Term
| possible causes of lumps in the breastfeeding mother's breast |
|
Definition
-most often a galctocele (milk filled cyst)
-fibroadenomas- fibrous lump (no fluid, benign, should be biopsied)
-cancerous lump |
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|
Term
| what years of menstrual cycling produces in at least 50% of women of childbearing age |
|
Definition
fibrocystic disease
dense or fibrous breast tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breasts with cysts or nodules
hyperplasia
metaplasia
atypia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in Fibrocystic Disease catagory
-a smooth round lump
-not fluid filled
-moves around easily
-between pea and lemon size |
|
|
Term
| if presenting with bright red bleeding in the absence of nipple cracking |
|
Definition
| mother should be assessed for intraductal papilloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a small wart like growth in the lining of the duct that bleeds as it erodes.
may be pain
often bleeding stops on it's own |
|
|
Term
| reasons to refer lactating woman to MD |
|
Definition
-any mass that doesn't decrease in size after 72 hours
-mastitis symptoms unresolved by antibiotics
-recurrent mastitis or plugged ducts in the same location |
|
|
Term
| breastfeeding after breast cancer |
|
Definition
| possible and safe unless cancer was estrogen-receptor positive and was NOT cured |
|
|
Term
| ways to do breast screening |
|
Definition
Mammogram (uncomfortable)
MRI (expensive)
Ultrasound (good for lactating women)
Thermography Imaging (not effective for lactating women) |
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