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Definition
--breast nodule --in lobular stroma --BENIGN --smooth, firm, |
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Term
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Definition
usually due to infants sucking on the nipple, causing cracking and making it prone to bacterial infection. |
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Definition
BILATERAL! Most common cause of palpable brast mass in patients between the ages of 25-50. Risk of cancer is clear when hyperplastic epithelium demonstrates atypia.
nonproliferative breast changes (no increased risk of cancer) cysts and fibrosis apocrine metaplasia adenosis
proliferative breast disease without atypia epithelial hyperplasia sclerosing adenosis complex sclerosing lesion (radial scar) papillomas
proliferative breast disease with atypia atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)
characterized morphologically by 1. fibrosis of varying extent 2. cysts that are grossly visible or may be evident only on histologic exam; may be filled w/ fluid, which may appear blue when seen through the cyst wall (blue dome cyst) 3. epithelial changes-- lining of the epi may be flattened, may show apocrine metaplasia, or may be hyperplastic. --hyperplastic epi may show varying degrees of cellular atypia: adenosis is the proliferation of small ducts and myoepithelial cells, when combined w/ fiboris is it called "sclerosing adenosis" |
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Term
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma |
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Definition
accounts for 70 to 80% of breast carcinomas most often firm, irregular, tan mass on gross sectioning tumors graded from well to moderate to poorly differentiated based on tubule formation, nuclear atypia, and mitotic rate ER, PR, and HER2/neu status are important for prognosis and treatment concurrent DCIS is frequently present with similar histologic features |
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Invasive Lobular Carcinoma |
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Definition
may present as palpable mass or mammographic density, often subtle due to diffuse infiltrative pattern of growth traditional thought to have greater incidence of bilaterality (this has been challenged) histologic pattern of single infiltrative tumor cells “Indian filing”, sometimes forming concentric rings around benign ducts small tumor cells with occasional intracytoplasmic (mucin positive) vacuoles giving a signet ring appearance; no tubule formations; e-cadherin negative |
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Definition
Cellular w/ scant stroma; soft, fleshy; lymphocytic infiltrate
clinically and radiographically well-circumscribed mass with pushing borders soft, fleshy consistency due to lack of desmoplasia solid, syncytial sheets of highly pleomorphic cells with frequent mitoses surrounded by a lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate no lymphovascular space invasion, lymph node metastases are relatively infrequent slightly better prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma |
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Definition
unusual variant which tends to be well-circumscribed and occurs in older women grossly very soft mucoid consistency histologically clusters of bland tumor cells within pools of extracellular mucin most express estrogen and progesterone receptors slightly better prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma |
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Definition
accounts for only 2% of all breast carcinomas, but 10% of mammographically detected carcinomas less than 1 cm in diameter often multifocal and may be bilateral well formed tubules with angulated borders and absence of myoepithelial cells may see cribriform spaces, apocrine snouting, and calcifications well differentiated by definition, most express hormone receptors, lymph node metastases rare (<10%); excellent prognosis |
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Term
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Definition
most common benign tumor of the breast, more frequently seen before age 30 well-circumscribed, freely mobile mass or mammographic density hormonally response (may enlarge during pregnancy, reduced size in postmenopause) predominance of stroma (generally low cellularity and no cytologic atypia, mitoses rare) surrounding glandular and cystic epithelium treatment is simple surgical excision |
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Definition
A large, bulky mass of variable malignancy w/ ulceration of overlying skin. It is characteized by cystic spaces containing leaf like projections from the cyst walls and myxoid contents.
most occur in older women (sixth decade) usually palpable multinodular mass “leaf-like” pattern grossly and microscopically due to nodules of proliferating cellular stroma covered by epithelium low grade tumors have increased cellularity and mitoses; can recur locally high grade tumors also demonstrate cytologic atypia, atypical mitoses, stromal overgrowth, and infiltrative borders; can recur locally and metastasize hematogenously (axillary lymph node dissection is not indicated) wide resection margins are required |
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Term
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Definition
benign enlargement of the male breast may be unilateral or bilateral indicator of hyperestrinism (cirrhosis, testicular tumors, exogenous steroid hormones, marijuana, Klinefelter Syndrome) proliferation of the specialized intralobular stroma and associated ductal epithelium treated by simple excision and addressing the underlying cause |
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Term
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Definition
--second most common malignancy of women (to the lung) --mets to axillary lymph nodes, lung, liver, bone --several histologic types --demonstrates estrogen and progesterone receptors in some tumors but not in others...presence is correleated w/ a better prognosis. --hyperexpression of HER2/neu is associated w/ a poorer prognosis. --NOT predisposed by current regimens of oral contraceptive therapy |
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Risks of Carcinoma of the Breast |
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Definition
Incidence increases with: increasing age, # of first degree relatives, BRCA1 or 2, hx of breast cancer, early menarche and late menopause, obesity (estrogen), nulliparity, first pregnancy after age 30, high animal fat diet |
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Term
Paget disease of the breast |
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Definition
Eczematoid lesion of the nipple or areola; neoplastic Paget cells, characteristic large cells surrounded by a clear halo like area, invade the epidermis; underlying ductal carcinoma almost always present. |
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Term
Intraductal carcinoma in situ |
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Definition
Tumor cells fill ducts; tumor cell necrosis results in a cheese like consistency |
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Term
Lobular carcinoma in situ |
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Definition
Clusters of neoplastic cells fill intralobular ductules and acini; may lead to invasive carcinoma in the same or in the contralateral breast; often bilateral at the time of the initial diagnosis |
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