Term
| Viral Causes of Encephalitis? |
|
Definition
| HSV-1, HSV-2, Rabies, ARBOVIRUSES! |
|
|
Term
| Protozoa that cause encephalitis? |
|
Definition
| Toxoplasmosis, T. Brucei (African Sleeping Sickness) |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Neonatal Meningitis? |
|
Definition
| Strep Agalactiae, Listeria Monocytogenes, E. Coli |
|
|
Term
| Causes of meningitis (around 6 months to 6 years of age)? |
|
Definition
| Strep Pneumoniae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Haemophilus Influenzae |
|
|
Term
| Causes of meningitis (6 years to 60 years of age)? |
|
Definition
| Neisseria Mening., Poliovirus, Strep Pneumoniae |
|
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Term
| Causes of Aseptic Meningitis? |
|
Definition
| Coxsackie virus, Mumps Virus, Poliovirus |
|
|
Term
| Fungal cause of meningitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 diseases that result in pathology of axons/synapses? |
|
Definition
| C. Tetani, C. Botulinum, M. Leprae, Poliovirus |
|
|
Term
CSF profile for types of meningitis:
1. Bacterial?
2. Viral?
3. Fungi? |
|
Definition
1. Bacterial--> HIGH protein, LOW glucose, Presence of PMN's, Increased Pressure
2. Viral--> Slightly elevated protein, normal glucose, Presence of lymphocytes, normal pressure
3. Fungal--> Elevated protein, decreased glucose, presence of lymphocytes, increase in pressure |
|
|
Term
| One main cause of neonatal septic shock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E. Coli, Kleb. Pneumonia, Proteus Mirabilis, Pseudo. Aeruginosa, B. Fragilis, Staph Aureus, Strep Pyogenes |
|
|
Term
| Cause of Rheumatic Heart Disease? |
|
Definition
| Quit playing games with my heart, it's Strep Pyogenes. |
|
|
Term
| Viral Cause of Myocarditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protozoa that causes myocarditis? |
|
Definition
| T. Cruzi (Chaga's Disease) |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial causes of myocarditis? |
|
Definition
| Staph Aureus, E. Faecalis, C. Diphtheriae, Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease) |
|
|
Term
| Native valve (as opposed to a prosthetic valve) endocarditis can be caused by? |
|
Definition
| Strep Viridans, Strep Bovis, Strep Pyogenes, E. Faecalis, Strep Aureus, Strep Epidermidis |
|
|
Term
Endocarditis (often tricuspid valve) usually due to IV drug use.....
Which bacteria are involved? |
|
Definition
| Staph Aureus, Streps, E. Faecalis, Pseudo Aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| Fungal cause of tricuspid valve endocarditis? (also because of IV drug use) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ACUTE endocarditis of a prosthetic valve? |
|
Definition
| Strep epidermidis, staph aureus, candida albicans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strep (viridans, bovis, e. faecalis) |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial causes of pharyngitis/laryngitis? |
|
Definition
| Strep pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. diphtheriae |
|
|
Term
| Viral causes of pharyngitis/laryngitis? |
|
Definition
| Common cold viruses, adenovirus, RSV |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial cause of Otitis Externa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Strep Pneumoniae, H. Influenza Type B, Moraxella Cat
Strep Agalactiae--Neonates |
|
|
Term
| What causes epiglottitis? |
|
Definition
| Haemophilus Influenzae Type B |
|
|
Term
Bacterial Cause of Croup?
|
|
Definition
| Mycoplasma Pneumoniae aka "Walking Pneumonia" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parainfluenza, Influenza, RSV |
|
|
Term
| What are the four main causes of sinusitis? |
|
Definition
| Strep pneumoniae, H. Influenzae Type B, Moraxella Cat, Staph Aureus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Influenza C, Coxsackieviruses, Parinfluenza Virus
Basically,
Common colds, yo |
|
|
Term
Bacterial causes of community-acquired pneumoniae?
(Hint: There's a lot of them haha) |
|
Definition
| Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Strep Pneumoniae, H. Influenzae Type B, Chlamydia Pneumoniae, Legionella Pneumophilia, Moraxella Cat, Staph Aureus, Nocardia, Mycobacterium TB, C. Psittaci |
|
|
Term
Viral Causes of community acquired pneumonia?
(Hint: There's not a lot of them) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These guys are weird and cause atypical pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella Pneumophilia, Chlamydia Pneumoniae, Coxiella Burnetti |
|
|
Term
| HIV-associated Pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
| due to Pneumocystis Jirovecii, Mycobacterium TB |
|
|
Term
| What causes dental caries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than Hep A, B, C, D, E...what viral disease causes hepatitis? |
|
Definition
| YELLOW FEVER... (yellow, like jaundice, like Big Bird) |
|
|
Term
Other Liver infections...
What causes...
Liver abscesses?
Hepatosplenomegaly due to a protozoa?
Helminth causing portal hypertension, esophageal varices, heptosplenomegaly, etc?
|
|
Definition
Liver abscesses--> E. Histolytica
Hepato due to protozoa--> Visceral Leishmaniasis
Helminth---> Schistosoma |
|
|
Term
| Biliary Tract Infection caused by THIS bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common causes of food poisoning....
1. <6 hours of incubation?
2. <10 hours of incubation?
|
|
Definition
1. Usually Staph Aureus!!!.... but B. Cereus can also cause vomiting during this period
2. B. Cereus causes diarrhea during this period |
|
|
Term
| Causes of inflammation OR bloody diarrhea (primarily occuring in the large intestine or ileum)? |
|
Definition
Bacterial: Shigella, Salmonella Typhi (may spread), C. Jejuni, EHEC, EIEC, Yersinia Enterocolitica (may spread), C. difficile
Protozoa: E. Histolytica |
|
|
Term
| Small intestine infections resulting in watery like diarrhea? |
|
Definition
Vibrio cholerae, ETEC (traveler's diarrhea), C. Perfinges, B. Cereus, S. Aureus
Viral: Rotavirus, Norwalk Virus (EXPLOSIVE), Adenovirus
Protozoa: G. Lamblia (fatty, stinky), C. Parvum |
|
|
Term
| What can cause glomerulonephritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| STDs, cause urethritis... |
|
Definition
| N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E. coli, Staph Saprophyticus |
|
|
Term
Complicated UTI's..
(pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis... due to a catheter, calculi, other obstruction) |
|
Definition
| E. Coli, E. Faecalis, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Proteus Mirabilis |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease? |
|
Definition
| N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis |
|
|
Term
| Vulvovaginitis caused by? |
|
Definition
| C. Albicans, T. Vaginalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| N. gonorrhoeae, C. Trachomatis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUMPS
(not Mumphress and Sons, nor Mumphrey's McGee) |
|
|
Term
| Nongonococcal urethritis caused by? |
|
Definition
| Chlamydia, Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Trachomonas Vaginalis, HSV-2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chlamydia, gonorrhoeae, HSV-1,2, Treponema Pallidum |
|
|
Term
| Some major causes of Proctocolitis/Enterocolitis? |
|
Definition
| C. jejuni, E. histiolytica |
|
|
Term
| Causes of PAINFUL cutaneous lesions of the genitals? |
|
Definition
| HSV-2 (vesicles), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid) |
|
|
Term
| Type of lesion associated with syphillis? |
|
Definition
| Indurated lesion that is NOT painful |
|
|
Term
| Lymphogranuloma venereums caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Warts caused by?
(Hint: 2 Diseases...) |
|
Definition
HPV and Molluscum Contagiosum
(MC is a Pox-virus) |
|
|
Term
| Vaginal Candida albicans vs Trachomonas Vaginalis... |
|
Definition
CA: itchy, white/clumped discharge
T. Vaginalis: itchy, yellowish discharge |
|
|
Term
| 3 main causes of osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| Staph Aureus, Salmonella Typhi, P. Multicoda (via cat/dog bites) |
|
|
Term
| What causes septic arthritis? |
|
Definition
| N. gonorrhoeae, Staph Aureus, H. Influenzae |
|
|
Term
| What two things cause necrotizing fasciitis? |
|
Definition
| Strep pyogenes, c. perfringens |
|
|
Term
| What causes achy breaky muscles? |
|
Definition
| c. perfringes, staph aureus, T. Spiralis, T. Solium, Coxsackievirus B, Dengue Fever Virus |
|
|
Term
| What can cause cellulitis? |
|
Definition
| Strep Pyogenes, Staph Aureus, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Past. Multocida |
|
|
Term
| What can cause vesicles on the skin? |
|
Definition
| VZV, Smallpox, HSV-1,2, Coxsackie A |
|
|
Term
What causes erysipelas?
(voice in the background: what the heck is erysipelas?....) I don't know either, I'm going to google it right now |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VZV- dermatomal, "dew on a rose petal"
HSV 1,2- vesicular, mouth/eye/genitals
Coxsackie A- herpangia (hand-foot-mouth)
Smallpox- macules first on head, then extremities (pus, then crust)
Molloscum Contagiosum- small pink, central dimple on trunk
Rubella- maculopapular begins on face, then to extrem's
Measles- starts at head, then to feet
HHV-6--> roseola (rash on trunk in babies)
Parvo Virus B19--> "slapped cheek" appearance |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial Causes of rash? |
|
Definition
Strep Pyogenes- scarlet fever, on trunk then outwards
R. Ricketsii- Rocky Mt Spotted, first on palms/soles, then to trunk
R. Prowazekii- epidemic typhus..begins on trunk then spreads outward BUT spares the palms, soles, face
B Burdorferi- lyme disease- erythema chronicum migrans spreading annular red lesion surrounding clear bite mark
T. Pallidum- (secondary syphillis) maculopapular rash on palms and soles |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous lesion of anthrax looks like... |
|
Definition
| Ulcerous lesion with blackened necrotic eschar |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous lesion of F. Tularensis looks like... |
|
Definition
| papule forms and develops into ulcer with black base...ULCEROGLANDULAR (there is a swollen lymph node associated as well) |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous lesion of Yersinia Pestis looks like? |
|
Definition
| "Ay, Boo-boo!!" Not really, just a Buboe |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous lesion of A israelli looks like? |
|
Definition
| "Sinus tracts" form through skin, muscle, bone, organs |
|
|
Term
| S. Schenckii, cutaneously, causes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This fungal infection causes inflammation, itchiness, pustules, and causes the skin to be scaley...a "Dermatophyte" |
|
Definition
| What is ringworm, Mr. Trebek? |
|
|
Term
| Protozoan that causes cutaneous or mucosal ulcers... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholera toxin (vibrio cholera) and LT toxin of E. Coli mechanism? |
|
Definition
AB Toxin
B binds receptors on gut epithelium, A ADP ribosylates Gs, keeps adenylate cyclase active, increases cAMP |
|
|
Term
| Pertussis Toxin mechanism? |
|
Definition
| AB toxin BUT also cytotoxic toxins can kill respiratory epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Diphtheria toxin mechanism? |
|
Definition
AB
B binds cell surface receptor, A ADP ribosylates EF-2 and inhibits protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa toxin mechanism? |
|
Definition
| Very similar to diphtheria's toxin (A ADP ribosylates EF-2 and inhibits protein synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| Shiga toxin (Shigella and E. Coli) mechanism |
|
Definition
| binds 60S ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| C. Tetani's toxin mechanism? |
|
Definition
Tetanospasmin...
cleaves synaptobrevin, blocks vesicle formation and release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine |
|
|
Term
| C. Botulinum toxin's mechanism? |
|
Definition
Botulinum toxin
cleaves synaptobrevin, blocks vesicle formation and release of Ach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 proteins: PA, EF, LF
these work together to cause dermal necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Staph Aureus's TSST-1 induces release of these cytokines.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an important exotoxin of Strep Pyogenes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of Hepatitis that can cause heptocellular carcincoma and cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
| Hep B, C, D...NOT A or E!! |
|
|
Term
Diagnosis of Hep A?
Hep C?
Hep D? |
|
Definition
A- anti-HAV IgM, IgG (these confer immunity)
C- anti-HCV (does NOT confer immunity)
D- anti- HDV (does NOT confer immunity) |
|
|
Term
Hep B:
Acute Infection?
Chronic Infection?
Convalescence?
Immunized? |
|
Definition
Acute- HBsAg, Anti-HBcAg IgM
Chronic- HBsAg, Anti-HBcAg IgG
Convalescent- Anti-HBsAg, Anti-HBcAg IgG
Immunity- Anti-HBsAg only |
|
|
Term
| Which opportunistic infections are seen when a person has a CD4 T cell count of <200 cells/micro-l |
|
Definition
| C. Neoformans (meningitis), C immitis (pneumonia), P Jirovecii (pneumonia), C Parvum (diarrhea), T Gondii (encephalitis) |
|
|
Term
| In AIDS, when the CD4 T cell count gets below 50 cells/micro-l, you will see these extremely rare opportunistic infections... |
|
Definition
| M. avium intracellulare (lung, liver, bone infection), CMV (retinitis, esophagitis, colitis), H capsulatum (pneumonia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
picorna, +ssRNA, no envelope
oral-fecal
short incubation time (2-8 weeks)
There is a vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hepadnaviridae, dbsDNA, lipid envelope
transmitted via blood, sexual contact
long incuation time
treat- interferon
vaccine- YES, HbsAg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flavi, (+)ssRNA, lipid envelope
blood, sexual contact transmission
long incubation time (2-24 weeks)
Treat- Interferon
NO vaccine
|
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