disorder derived from untreated syphilis occurs years after the person as been infected (because the virus remains dormit for years)

symptoms: dymensia, paranoia, blindness, sensory impairment

result of the disease affecting the dorsal spinal cord= loss of sensory information input

treatment: anti-virus

aka Lou Gehrig Disease
disease of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement

motor neurons for voluntary movement are destroyed
caused by genetic defect

symptoms:

difficulty breathing & swallowing, head drooping, muscle cramps

progresive muscle weakness, paralysis, speech problems

treatment: no known cure, physical therapy,drugs to prolong life and control symptoms

33.3%

(1/3)

episodic memory: memory of personal events and experience

semantic memory: memory of facts

-Damage: in the basal ganglia and edges of the cortex

-It is genetic and shows up in the late 30's and early 40's

Symptoms:

A. Movement: clumsy, slurred speech, loss of balance, uncontrolled muscular contractions (dystonia)

B. Cognitive: Over time judgment, memory, and other cognitive functions begin to deteriorate & loss ability to concentrate

C. Psychiatric:   Depression, Hostility, Inability to take pleasure in life (anhedonia), Lack of energy

 frontal part of the cingulate cortex,around the corpus callosum, the fibrous bundle that relays signals between the right and left hermispheres  of the brain.

Broadmann Number: 24

• Karsakoff Syndrome: a disease associate with long-term heavy drinking
  • more related to the malnutrition associated with heavy drinking
  • thiamine (B1): deficient in Karsokoff patients, resulting in damage to the thalamus

tremor

rigidity

postural instability

slowing dwn and lose of spontaeous and automatic movement

uncontrolled movement, or tics, (may develop in the fingers, feet, face, or trunk) 
beginning stage of chorea (involuntary, rapid, ceaseless movement)

 ~Chorea can become more intense when the person is anxious or disturbed.

Henry Molaison (H.M.)

+

operation performed on HM

famous case of anterograde amnesia

suffered from epileptic seizures

Dr. Scovill performed a bilateral medial temporal extraction (removed hippocampus)

H.M. stayed awake during the surgery only with local anethesia b/c there are no pain fibers in the brain

after surgery had amnesia

first to study memory systematically, he was the subject; measured retention aka memory

recall: remember or recite words from a list

recognition: distinguishing b/w unlearned and learned words

relearning: a saving method; learning the lists many times in order to retain it into memory

in frontal area

related to problem solving, decision making, and emotion

major component of the brain It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long term memory and spatial navigation

located inside the medial temporal lobe, beneath the cortical surface. 

In Alzheimer's the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; 

 hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

because the hypothalamus regulates homeostasis it therefore regulates the pituitary gland/hypophysis (an endocrine gland)

cranial nerves

spinal nerves

describes two types of roots of the spinal nerves, the motor and the sensory 

(ventral and dorsal)  

all spinal cords except the 1st cervical have a dorsal and ventral root

dorsal :: incoming :: sensory :: afferent
ventral :: outgoing :: motor :: efferent

predominately hyperactive and impulsive

predominately inattentive

combined

Phantoms in the Brain:

Probing the Mysteries f the Human Mind

A Brief Tour of Human Conciousness:

From Imposter Poodles to Purple Numbers

also known as fovea centralis, is part of the eye at the center of the retina. Cones are located here.

Fovea is responsible for sharp central vision. 

tropic hormones of adenohypophysis

(anterior pituitary)

dopamine agonist

eg. Lepovera

 L-dopa--precursor to dopamine that is small enough to enter the blood brain barrier

L-dopa undergoes biochemical processes to become dopamine

The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat

An Anthropologist on Mars: 7 Paradoxical Tales

age related

 when the extraoccular muscles- go out of balance, causes:

extropia: eyes diverge (wall eye)

estropia: eyes converge (cross eyed)

a structure located underneath the thalamus

responsible for basic physicological functioning: eating, breathing, sleeping, waking, etc.

homeostatis center: controls and regulates the body via subcortical brain structures of the limbic system and the autonomic nervous system

directly connected to the posterior pituitary gland by tracts and indirectly connected to the anterior by blood circulation

because it is a genetic disease?

concordance rate of 60%

there has just been and increase in diagonsis