Term
Synaptic Transmission
synaptic vessicles, neurotransmitters, exocytosis,
post-synaptic receptors,
ionotropic vs metabotropic neurotransmitter systems, second messenger system, excitatory vs inhibitory
post-synaptic potentials, neuromodulators vs neurotransmitters, phasic vs tonic responses,
reuptake, degradation, catabolic enzymes vs anabolic enzymes, presynaptic receptors, transporter proteins, autoreceptors, Dales Law.
classes of neurotransmitters: amino acid neurotransmitters, glutamate,
gamma-aminoburyic acid (GABA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), antiepileptic drugs, monoamine neurotransmitters plus acetylcholine, neuropeptide neurotransmitters, endorphines, enkephalins, inert gases (NO and CO)
introduction to psychopharmacology: agonists, antagonists, competitive inhibition, blood-brain
barrier, binding affinity for receptor, drug potency, ligand binding assays
Acetylcholine Vagustoffe, Otto Loewi, vagus nerve
choline, acetyl-coenzyme A, choline-acetyltransferase (CAT or ChAT),
acetylcholinesterase (AChE), rate-limiting step, nicotinic vs muscarinic receptors,
location of cholinergic synapses in the peripheral nervous system: skeletal motor
system, autonomic motor system, preganglionic neuron, postganglionic neuron, symptathetic vs parasympathetic division of the autonomic motor system
location of large clusters of cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system:
septo-hippocampal tract, corpus striatum, hypothalamico-neurohypophyseal pathway
atropine, scopolomine, curare, alpha-bungarotoxin, diisoflurophosphate (DFP),
physostigmine, myasthenia gravis, anticholinesterase, autoimmune disease
The Catecholamine Pathway substances along the pathway: tyrosine, levo-dopa (l-dopa), dopamine, norepinephrine
anabolic enzymes: tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH)
catabolic enzymes: monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT)
catabolites (waste products): homovanillic acid (HVA);
3,4, di-hydroxymandelic acid (HMA); 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxy-phenethylene glycol (MHPG)
The Indolamine Pathway substances along the pathway: tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin; 5HT), melatonin
anabolic enzymes: tryptophan hydroxylase, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
catabolic enzymes: monoamine oxidase (MAO)
catabolites (waste products): 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA)
Anatomical Structures, Nuclei, & Tracts Associated with the Monoamines
dopaminergic: substantia nigra (dark because the cells contain melanin), nigro-striatal pathway, corpus striatum, ventral tegmental area (VTA), mesolimbic (meso-cortical) pathway, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, turbero-infundibular pathway (dopamine is a powerful inhibitor of prolactin)
noradrenergic: locus coereuleus, pons
serotonergic: raphe nuclei; suprachiasmatic nucleus ('time"); preoptic area ("temperature") |
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Definition
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