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Definition
| chemical messenger that acts as a hormone to mobilize the body for fight or flight during times of stress and as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system |
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Definition
| neurotransmitter found in the brain and in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| chemical released by a neuron onto a target with an excitatory or inhibitory effect |
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Definition
| amine neurotransmitter that plays a role in coordinating movement, in attention and learning, in behaviors that are reinforcing |
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Term
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Definition
| organelle consisting of a membrane structure that encloses a quantum of neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| gap that seperates the presynaptic membrane and the postynaptic membrane |
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Definition
| junction where messenger molecules are released when stimulated by an action potential |
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Definition
| membrane on the transmitter-output side of a synapse |
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Definition
| membrane on the transmitter-input side of a synapse |
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Definition
| membranous compartment that holds several vesicles containing a neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| fused presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane that allows an action potential to pass directly from one neuron to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| protein molecule that pumpes substances across a membrane |
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Term
| transmitter-activated receptor |
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Definition
| protein embedded in the membrane of a cell that has a binding site for a specific neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| "self-receptor" in a neural membrane that responds to the transmitter that the neuron releases |
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Definition
| quantity, equivalent to the contents of a single synaptic vesicle, that produces a just observable change in postsynaptic electrical potential |
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Definition
| deactivation of a neurotransmitter when membrane transporter proteins bring the transmitter back into the presynaptic axon terminal for subsequent reuse |
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Term
| small-molecule transmitters |
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Definition
| class of quick-acting neurotransmitters synthesized in the axon terminal from produces derived from the diet |
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Term
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Definition
| any enzyme that is in limited supply, thus restricting the pace at which a chemical can be synthesized |
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Term
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Definition
| amino acid neurotransmitter that excites neurons |
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Term
| gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
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Definition
| amino acid neurotransmitter that inhibits neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| a multifunctional chain of amino acids that acts as a neurotransmitter; synthesized from mRNA on instructions from the cell's DNA |
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