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| location to which electrons flow |
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| an electrical charge; the ability to do work through the use of stored potential electrical energy |
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| a measure of a difference in electrical potential |
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| the flow of electrons from a region of higher negative charge toa region of lower negative charge; the flow of various ions across the neuron membrane |
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| an insulated wire or a saltwater-filled glass tube that is used to stimulate or record from neurons |
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| passing an electrical current from the tip of an electrode through tissue; resulting in changes in the electrical activity of the tissue |
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| a device that measures the difference in electircal potential between two bodies |
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| Electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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| graph that records electrical activity through the skull or from the brain and represents graded potentials of many neurons |
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| a device that measures the flow of electrons to measure voltage |
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| movement of ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through random motion |
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| differences in concentration of a substance among regions of a container that allows the substances to diffuse from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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| differences in charge between two regions that allows a flow of current if the two regions are connected |
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| electrical charge across the cell membrane in the absence of stimulation; a store of energy produced by a greater negative charge on the intracellular side relative to the extracellular side |
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| small voltage fluctuation in the cell membrane restricted to the vcinity on the axon where ion concentrations change to cause a brief increase (hyperpolarization) or decrease (depolarization) in electrical charge across the cell membrane |
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| increase in electrical charge across a membrane, usually due to the inward flow of chloride ions or the outward flow of potassium ions |
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| decrease in electrical charge across a membrane, usually due to the inward flow of sodium ions |
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| large, brief, reversal of polarity of an axon |
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| voltage on a neural membrane at which an action potential is triggered by the opening of Na+ and K+ voltage-sensitive channels; about -50mV relative to the extracellular surround |
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| Voltage-Sensitive Channel |
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| gated protein channel that closes or opens only at specific membrane voltages |
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| refers to the state of an axon in the repolarizing period during which a new action potential cannot be elicited(with some exceptions), because gate 2 of sodium channels, which is not voltage-sensitive, is closed |
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| propagation of an action potential on the membrane of an axon |
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| the part of an axon that is not covered by myelin |
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| propagation of an action potential at successive nodes of Ranviet, saltatory means "jumping" or "dancing" |
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| Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential(EPSP) |
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| brief depolarization of a neuron membrane in repsonse to stimulation, making the neuron more likely to produce an action potential |
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| Inhibatory Postynaptic Potential (IPSP) |
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| brief hyperpolarization of a neuron membrane in reponse to stimulation, making the neuron less likely to produce an action potential |
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| refers to the state of an axon in the later phase of an action potential during which increased electrical current is required to produce another action potential; a phase during which potassium channels are still open |
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| graded potentials that occur at approximately the same time on a membrane are summated |
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| graded potentials that occur at approximately the same location on a membrane are summated |
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| Stretch-Sensitive Channel |
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| ion channel on a tactile sensory neuron that activates in response to the stretching of the membrane, initiating a nerve impulse |
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| on a muscle, the receptor-ion complex that is activated by the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from the terminal of a motor neuron |
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| the first neurotransmitter discovered in the peripheral and central nervous systems; activates skeletal muscles |
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| Transmitter-sensitive Channel |
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| receptor complex that has both a receptor site for a chemical and a pore through which ions can flow |
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| a neuron in the hippocampus that discharges when an animal faces in a particular direction |
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| rhythmical EEG wave with a frequency of 11 cycles per second |
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| Event-related potential (ERP) |
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| brief change in slow-wave brain activity in response to a sensory stimulus |
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