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| core region of the cell containing the nucleus and other organelles for making proteins |
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| branch of a neuron that consists of an extension of the cell membrane thus greatly increasing the area of the cell |
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| "root", or single fiber of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons |
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| protrusion from a dendrite that greatly increases its surface area and is the usual point of dendritic contact with axons |
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| juncture of soma and axon where the action potential begins |
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| knob at the top of an axon, that conveys information to other neurons; also called the terminal button |
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| junction between one neuron and another neuron, usually between an end foot of the axon of one neuron and a dendritic spine of the other neuron |
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| neuron with one axon and one dendrite |
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| brain cell that brings sensory information from the body into the spinal cord |
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| association neuron interposed between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron; thus, in mammals, interneurons constitute most of the neurons in the brain |
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| distinctive neuron found in the cerebral cortex |
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| distinctive neuron found in the cerebellum |
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| nervous system cell that provides insulation, nutrients, and support, as well as aiding in the repair of neurons |
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| mass of new tissue that grows uncontrolled and independent of surrounding structures |
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| glial cell that makes and secretes CSF; found on the walls of the ventricles |
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| buildup of pressure in the brain and, in infants, swelling of the head caused if the flow of of CSF is blocked; can result in retardation |
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| glial cell with a star-shaped apperance that provides structural support to neurons in the central nervous system and transports substances between neurons and capalaries |
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| form of a glial cell that scavenges debris in the nervous system |
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| glial coating that surrounds axons in the central and peripheral nervous systems |
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| glial cell in the CNS that myenlinates axons |
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| glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that forms the myelin on sensory and motor neurons |
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| nervous system disorder that results from the loss of myelin (glial-cell covering) around neurons |
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| loss of sensation and movement due to nervous system injury |
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| opening in a protein embedded in the cell membrane that allow the passage of ions |
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| protein embedded in a cell membrane that allows substances to pass through the membrane on some occasions but not others |
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| protein in the cell membrane that actively transports a substance across the membrane |
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| alternate form of a gene; a gene pair contains two alleles |
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| having two identicle alleles for a trait |
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| having two different alleles for the same trait |
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| refers to a normal (most common in a population) phenotype or genotype |
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| alteration of an allele that yields a different version of that allele |
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| inherited birth defect caused by the loss of genes that encode the enzyme necessary for breaking down certain fatty substances; appears 4 to 6 months after birth and results in retardation, physical changes, and death by about age 5 |
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| autosomal genetic disorder that results in motor and cognitive disturbances; caused by an increase in the number of CAG (cytosine-adenine-guanine) repeats on chromosome 4 |
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| chromosomal abnormality resulting in mental retardation and other abnormalities, usually by an extra chromosome 21 |
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