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| Part of the PNS that includes cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles, joints, and skin that produce movement, transmit incomming sensory input, and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts |
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| Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands |
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| balances the body's internal organs to "rest and digest" through the parasympathetic (calming) nerves |
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| balances the body's internal organs to "fight or flee" or engage in vigorous activity through the sympathetic (arousing) nerves |
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| conducting toward a central nervous system structure |
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| conducting away from a central nervous system structure |
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| three layers of protective tissue that encase the brain and spinal cord |
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| composed of dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater |
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| tough double layer of fibrous tissue that encloses the brain and spinal cord in a kind of loose sack |
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| a very thin sheet of delicate connective tissue that follows the brain's contours |
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| a moderately tough membrane of connective-tissue fibers that cling to the brain's surface |
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| area between the pia mater and arachnoid layer of the meninges that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
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| circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space |
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| clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain |
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| cushions the brain so that it can move or expand slightly without pressing on the skull |
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| Major structure of the forebrain, consisting of two virtually identicle hemispheres (left and right) |
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| a small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex |
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| singular version of sulci |
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| a groove in brain matter, usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum |
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| Central structures of the brain including the hindbrain and midbrain |
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| Central structures of the brain including the thalamus and hypothalamus |
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| sudden apperance of neurological symptoms as a result of severe interruption of blood flow |
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| Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Cerebral Arteries |
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| blockage to any of these three major arteries supplying the cerebrum would result in a stroke |
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| Areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons |
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| Areas of the nervous system composed predominately of cell bodies and blood vessels |
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| a cavity in the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid |
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| fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres |
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| contains approximately 200 million nerve fibers |
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| the brain contains about 80 billion of these cells and uses them to carry out the brain's major functions |
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| the brain contains approximately 100 billion of these cells and uses them to aid and modulate the activity of the neurons |
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| a group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping |
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| large collection of axons coursing together outside the central nervous system |
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| fibers connecting neurons |
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| large collection of axons coursing together within the central nervous system |
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| evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains the pons, medulla, reticular formation, and cerebellum; structures that coordinate and control move voluntary and involuntary movements |
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| central part of the brain that contains the neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orientation movements |
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| the "between brain" that contains the hypothalamus, thalamus, and epithalamus; thought to coordinate many basic instinctual behaviors, including temperature regulation, sexual behavior, and eating |
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| midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed, producing a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behavior and behavioral arousal |
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| roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sensory processing, particularly visual and auditory, and producing orienting movement |
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| floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei with movement-related, species-specific, and pain perception functions |
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| movement related to sensory inputs, such as turning the head ot see the source of a sound |
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| diencephalon structure that contains many nuclei associated with temperature regulation, eating, drinking, and sexual behavior |
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| diencephalon structure through which all information from all snesory systems is integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex |
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| evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, and language; contains the limbic system, basal ganglia, and the neocortex |
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| Neocortex (cerebral cortex) |
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| newest, outer layer (new bark) of the forebrain and composed of about six layers of grey matter that creates our reality |
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| group of nuclei in the forebrain that coordinates voluntary movement of the limbs and the body; located just beneath the neocortex and connected to the thalamus and the midbrain |
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| disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, among other structures |
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| map of th eneocortex based on the organization, structure, and distribution of cells |
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| one of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head, neck, and internal organs |
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| the bone or segments that form the spinal column |
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| area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal-cord dorsal root |
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| the general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and ventral fibers are located ventrally |
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| part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action, such as mediating the involuntary fight or flight response to alarm by increasing heart rate and blood pressure |
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| part of the autonomic nervous system; acts in opposition to the sympathetic system - for example, preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion |
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