– lateral

region, auditory

processing

occipital lobe

posterior

region, visual

processing

With the exception of olfaction and gustation (taste),

sensory and motor information from the body is sent

to the primary cortex of the contralateral hemisphere.

The Forebrain

Major components:

I. Telencephalon

i. Cerebral Cortex

ii. Basal Ganglia

iii. Limbic System

II. Diencephalon

i. Thalamus

ii. Hypothalamus / Pituitary Gland

iii. Optic Chiasm

iv. Mammillary Bodies

Cerebral Cortex

Three areas of cortex receive information from

sensory organs:

�� Primary visual cortex

�� Primary auditory cortex

�� Primary somatosensory cortex

With the exception of olfaction and gustation (taste),

sensory and motor information from the body is sent

to the primary cortex of the contralateral hemisphere.

Neo/Isocortex

Composed of 6 layers,

numbered I-VI; organized

in columns (unit of

processing).

Neo/Isocortex

stellate cells.

and content of neocortex

varies depending on area of

cortex

vertically; basal extend

horizontally.

ii. Basal Ganglia

subcortical

structures involved

in movement.

�� Consists of:

1. Globus pallidus ( in telencephalon under cerebral cortex)

2. Putamen + caudate

nucleus = striatum

3. Subthalamic

nucleus

4. Substantia nigra (in midbrain)

structures involved

in motivation and

emotion.

�� Consists of:

1. Limbic cortex

2. Hippocampus

3. Amygdala

4. Fornix

5. Mammillary bodies

II. Diencephalon

diencephalon.

by massa intermedia.

nuclei which relay

sensory or motor

information to cortex.

�� Acts as relay station.

At base of brain,

beneath thalamus.

nervous system and

endocrine system.

F’s”

hormones from

pituitary gland.

III. Midbrain - Mesencephalon

cerebral aqueduct

and consists of two

major parts:

I. Tectum (“roof”)

i. Superior colliculi

ii. Inferior colliculi

II. Tegmentum

i. Rostral end of

reticular formation

ii. Periaqueductal gray

iii. Red nucleus

iv. Substantia nigra

v. Ventral tegmental

area

�� Consists of:

I. Metencephalon

i. Pons – Contains part of the reticular formation, nuclei

important in sleep and arousal.

ii. Cerebellum – “little brain” involved in posture and

coordinated movements.

II. Myelencephalon

i. Really, the medulla oblongata; most caudal portion of

the brain stem.

ii. Contains part of the reticular formation, nuclei that

control regulation of the cardiovascular system,

respiration, and skeletal muscle tone.

coordination and

learning.

layers:

cells send axons to

form parallel fibers in

the outermost, or

the middle layer, its

cells form a single row