Term
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Definition
| The second stage in the stress response, including successful activation of the appropriate response systems and the reestablishment of homeostatic balance. |
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Definition
| The outer rind of the adrenal gland. |
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Definition
| The inner core of the adrenal gland, which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
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Definition
| Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, including glucocorticoids such as cortisol, and mineral corticoids such as aldosterone. |
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Definition
| The initial response to stress. |
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Definition
| A group of nuclei in the medial anterior part of the temporal lobe. |
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Definition
| A large protein that recognizes and permanently binds to particular shapes, normally as part of the immune system attack on foreign particles. |
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Definition
| An immune system cell, formed in the bone marrow (hence the B), that mediates humoral immunity such as antibodies. |
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Definition
| A disorder, usually caused by viral infection, in which the facial nerve on one side stops conducting action potentials, resulting in paralysis on one side of the face. |
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Definition
| The process in which animals will work to provide electrical stimulation to particular brain sites, presumably because the experience is very rewarding. |
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Definition
| The theory that our experience of emotion is independent of the simultaneous physiological changes that accompany it. |
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Term
| cognitive attribution model |
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Definition
| The theory that our emotional experience results from cognitive analysis of the context around us, so that physiological changes may accentuate emotions, but not specify which emotion we experience. |
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Definition
| A glucocorticoid stress hormone of the adrenal cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein that induces the proliferation of other cells, as in the immune system. Examples include interleukins and interferons. |
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Definition
| Sudden intense rage characterized by actions (such as snarling and biting in dogs) that lack clear direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A subjective mental state that is usually accompanied by distinctive behaviors and involuntary physiological changes. |
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Term
| emotional dyscontrol syndrome |
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Definition
| A condition consisting of temporal lobe disorders that may underlie some forms of human violence. |
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Definition
| Process affecting the expression of a particular gene or genes, without affecting the sequence of nucleotides making up the gene itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound that acts both as a hormone (secreted by the adrenal medulla under the control of the sympathetic nervous system) and as a synaptic transmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A field devoted to asking how natural selection has shaped behavior in humans and other animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stage in the response to stress that is caused by prolonged or frequently repeated stress and is characterized by increased susceptibility to disease. |
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Term
| facial feedback hypothesis |
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Definition
| The hypothesis that our emotional experience is affected by the sensory feedback we receive during particular facial expressions, like smiling. |
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Term
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Definition
| The seventh cranial nerve, receiving information from the face and controlling the superficial muscles there. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of learning in which fear comes to be associated with a previously neutral stimulus. |
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Definition
| A field that studies psychological influences on health-related processes, such as why people become ill or how they remain healthy. |
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Term
| individual response stereotypy |
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Definition
| The tendency of individuals to show the same response pattern to particular situations throughout their life span. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aggression between males of the same species. |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory that our experience of emotion is a response to the physiological changes that accompany it. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition, brought about by bilateral amygdala damage, that is characterized by dramatic emotional changes including reduction in fear and anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| A loosely defined, widespread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network. These nuclei are implicated in emotions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of axons traveling in the midline region of the forebrain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A neurotransmitter produced and released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons to accelerate organ activity. Also produced in the brainstem and found in projections throughout the brain. Here, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for action. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of brain regions within the limbic system. |
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Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| A component of the autonomic nervous system that arises from both the cranial nerves and the sacral spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| An immune system cell that engulfs invading molecules or microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A device that measures several bodily responses, such as heart rate and blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the immune system and its interaction with the nervous system and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual incapable of experiencing remorse. |
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Definition
| A field of study that emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any circumstance that upsets homeostatic balance. Examples include exposure to extreme cold or heat or an array of threatening psychological states. |
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Term
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Definition
| The concept that mild stress early in life makes an individual better able to handle stress later in life. |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| A component of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| An immune system cell, formed in the thymus (hence the T), that attacks foreign microbes or tissue; “killer cell.” |
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Term
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Definition
| The fifth cranial nerve, receiving information from the face and controlling jaw musculature. |
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