Who did it?:

Became the first trained RN in the U.S.

Who did it?:

Instituted the first RN-organized psychiatric training program at John Hopkins.

Who did it?:

Wrote the first psychiatric nursing textbook, Nursing Mental Disease.

Who did it?:

Opened the Boston City Hospital Traning School for Nurses.

Who did it?:

Wrote the book Interpersonal Relations in Nursing.

Who did it?:

Developed the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing at Rutgers University.

Who did it?:

Developed the idea of state hospitals in response to the poor treatment of the mentally ill in jails.

Who did it?:

French Physician who ordered the removal of chains, stopped the drugging and bloodletting of patients, and placed patients under the care of a physician.

Who did it?:

Opened the New York Retreat, where patient were not restrained and were cared for in sympathetic, quiet, and pleasant surroundings.

Who did it?:

Massachusetts State Legislator who demanded that state governments take financial responsibility for the care of people with mental illnesses.

Who did it?:

Wrote an autobiography of his 3-yr psychiatric hospitalization; formed the National Committee for Mental Hygiene.

Who did it?:

Developed a personality theory based on unconscious motivations for behavior, or drives; includes stages like oral, anal, and genital.

Who did it?:

Their rehabilitative attitude was responsible for ending the practice of bloodletting and giving patients religion in the U.S.

Who did it?:

First person to categorize mental illnesses and begin to treat them with medical interventions, such as bloodletting and with mechanical devices.

Which Premoral Treatment Era?:

Sickness was an indication of the displeasure of deities for sins; viewed as supernatural. Persons were either driven from their homes and ostracized or revered as supernatural entities.

Which Premoral Treatment Era?:

Egyptian and Greek beliefs that viewed mental health and physical health as interrelated. Hippocrates argued abnormal behaviors were due to brain disturbances. Treated with counseling, work, music, observation/documentation, and disease treatments.

Which Premoral Treatment Era?:

St. Augustine pronnounced that all disease ascribed to demons. "Treated" the ill via incarceration, beatings, and starvations.

Early Christian and

Early Medieval

Which Premoral Treatment Era?:

In Western Europe- the ill were "treated" via incarceration, beatings, and starvation by theologians and witchdoctors. In Mideast- mental disorders seen as illnesses and the ill are placed into the first asylums built by Muslims.

Which Premoral Treatment Era?:

In England- insane persons differentiated from criminals, but were still apprehended and locked up. In Colonies- mental illness was believed to be demonic possession and witch hunts were common; private hospitalization available for the wealthy.

 Which Premoral Treatment Era?:

Benjamin Franklin established Pennsylvania Hospital; mental diseases began to be viewed as illnesses and treated in hopes of a cure. Benjamin Rush categorized mental illnesses.

True or false:

Outcomes of institutionalization were consistently positive.

True or false:

Women in the 1800s could be institutionalized at the convenience of their fathers or husbands if it was believed that their behaviors did not conform to the male's expectation.

True or false:

Hydrotherapy baths began as restraint mechanisms but were then mostly used as therapeutic techniques.

barbituates, more specifically

amobarbital sodium

True or false:

By the 1990s, deinstitutionalization was considered a success.

True or false:

Today mental health services in the U.S. are considered inadequate and fragmented.

True or false:

Compared with all other diseases, mental illness ranks 3rd in terms of causing disability in the U.S., Canada, and Western Europe.

1. Veterans with mental or physical trauma

2. People in communities affected by large-scale psychological trauma caused by natural disasters

3. Older adults with dementia and mood disorders

True or false:

Psychiatric nurses rarely face ethical problematic situations.

States or Professional Nursing Organization?:

Determines and grants the authority to practice nursing.

States or Professional Nursing Organization?:

Sets professional standards of care and professional nursing activities.

1. assessment

2. diagnosis

3. outcomes identification

4. planning

5. implementation

6. evaluation

Basic or Advanced Psychiatric-mental Health Nursing?:

Preferred education is a bachelor's degree with credentialing through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).

Basic or Advanced Psychiatric-mental Health Nursing?:

Scope-of-practice includes psychopharmacological interventions, psychotherapy, case management, program development/management, and consultation and liaison.

Basic or Advanced Psychiatric-mental Health Nursing?:

Scope-of-practice is limited to health promotion, intake screeing, providing safe environments, millieu therapy, promotion of self-care activities, administering prescribed medications, and providing crisis intervention and stabilizaiton.

Basic or Advanced Psychiatric-mental Health Nursing?:

The required level of education is master's degree (or higher) with credentialing through the ANCC.

Basic or Advanced Psychiatric-mental Health Nursing?:

Includes researchers, DNPs, DNSs, DNScs, or PhDs.

1. new knowledge development, dissemination, and application

2. overcoming stigma

3. health care delivery systems

4. new technology and EHR

Challenges of psychiatric nursing:

One challenge for psychiatric nurses today is to stay abreast of the a________ in t________ health care in order to provide s______, c_______ care to individuals with mental disorders.

Challenges of psychiatric nursing:

RNs can play an important role in dispelling the m______ and combating the s_______ of mental illnesses.

Challenges of psychiatric nursing:

True or false?

Reducing stigma of mental illness is only the responsibility of the nurses practicing psychiatric nursing.

Challenges of psychiatric nursing:

Additional and ongoing challenges of psychiatric nursing is the difficulty of providing nursing care within i_______ c_______-b_______ s________, which may be lacking in some areas.

Challenges of psychiatric nursing:

A major challenge in psychiatric nursing is new technology and EHR, which makes the protection of p_______ c_______ more difficult.

Challenges of psychiatric nursing:

Another challenge with new technologies is t__________, which will require health care providers to become e________ and p_______ in the use of these technologies. 

responses; mental disorders;

emotional problems

True or False:

The CNS and the PNS are completely independent of one another.

False-

whatever affects the CNS may also affect the PNS and vice versa

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Proportionately larger in humans than in any other mammal.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Contains the postcentral gyrus, which contains the primary somatosensory area; responsible for recognizing objects by touch, calculation, writing, recognizing fingers of opposite hands, drawing, and organizing spatial directions.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Contains the precentral gyrus, which contains the primary motor area, or the homunculi.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Contains Wernicke's area, which is responsible for receptive speech.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Contains Broca's area, which controls the motor function of speech.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Contains the primary visual area; damage will cause cortical blindness.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Responsible for color vision, object and facial recognition, and the ability to perceive objects in motion.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Contain the primary auditory and olfactory areas; also contains the hippocampus, which contributes to memory.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Responsible for working memory.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Responsible for insight, judgment, reasoning, concept formation, problem-solving skills, abstraction, and self-evaluation, also known as executive functions.

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

An injury to this lobe can cause alterations in mood and personality (i.e. famous case of Phineas Gage).

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, or Occipital Lobe?:

Damage to this area can produce complex sensory deficits, including neglect of contralateral sensory stimuli and spatial relationships.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Responsible for sleep-rest patterns, body temperature, and physical drives like hunger and sex.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Part of the limbic system that rests deep within the brain.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Responsible for storing information, especially the emotions attached to memory.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Sometimes called the "relay-switching center of the brain" because it functions as a regulatory structure to relay all sensory information, except smell, sent to the CNS from the PNS.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Damage or dysfunction of this area of the brain may cause appetite and sleep problems.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Damage or destruction to the left part of this area impairs verbal memory; damage or destruction to the right part of this area causes difficulty with recognition and recall of complex visual and auditory patterns.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Prevents the cortex from becoming overloaded with sensory stimulus; as a result, damage to this area may cause behavioral abnormalities.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Deterioration of this area of the brain is thought to be involved in S/S of Alzheimer's disease.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Controls the release of neurohormones like ADH and the pituitary gland.

Hippocampus, Thalamus, or Hypothalamus?:

Deregulation of this area of the brain can be manifested in symptoms of certain psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.

1. Ach

2. dopamine

3. norepinephrine

4. serotonin

5. GABA

6. glutamate

intellectual; memory; Alzheimer's;

Down syndrome

1. mesocortical pathway

2. mesolimbic pathway

3. nigrostriatal pathway

4. tuberoinfundibular pathway

True or False:

Specific genes have been found to produce many psychiatric disorders.

False-

No one gene has been found to produce any psychiatric disorder

1. biochemical changes

2. neuropathic changes

True or False:

The biopsychosocial model is only used for analyzing patients.

True or False:

Full self-disclosure is essential for an RN to develope a therapeutic relationship with a patient.

False-

self-disclosure should be severely limited for safety reasons and because the conversations should always focus on the patient

True or False:

Passive listening is essential to developing and maintaining a therapeutic relationship.

1. acceptance      2. confrontation

3. doubt              4. interpretation

5. observation 

6. open-ended statements

7. reflection     8. restatement

9. silence      10. validation

1. giving advice

2. agreement

3. challenges

4. reassurance

5. disapproval

True or False:

Empathy in a therapeutic relationship is central to psychiatric-mental health nursing.

1. intimate zone

2. personal zone

3. social zone

4. public zone

True or False:

There are no rules for developing a romantic or sexual relationship with a patient, as long as they are no longer under your care.

False-

Many state or provincial licensing bodies have guidelines or firm rules about how long after a therapeutic relationship must be terminated before engagin in a romantic or sexual relationship.

Defense Mechanisms:

What is using actions rather than reflections or feelings during periods of emotional conflict?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is turning to others for help or support?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is dedicating life to meeting the needs of others?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is experiencing emotional reactions in advance or anticipating consequences of possible future events?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is excessive daydreaming as a substitute for human relationships, more effective action, or problem solving?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is refusing to acknowledge some painful aspect of external reality or subjective experience that would be apparent to others?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is attributing exaggerated negative qualities to self or others?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is transferring a feeling about, or a response to, one object onto another substitute object?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is experiencing a breakdown in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, perception of self or the environment?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is complaining or making repetitious requests for help that disguise covert feelings of hostility or reproach toward others, which are then expressed by rejecting the suggestions, advice, or help of others?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is emphasizing the amusing or ironic aspects of the conflict or stressor?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is the excessive use of abstract thinking or the making of generalizations to control or minimize disturbing feelings?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is the separation of ideas from the feelings originally associated with them?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is feeling or acting as if one possesses special powers or abilities and is superior to others?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is indirectly and unassertively expressing aggression toward others?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is falsely attributing to another one's own unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is falsely attributing to another one's own unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts in which the individual does not fully disavow what what is projected?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is concealing the true motivations for one's own thoughts, actions, or feelings through elaboration of reassuring or self-serving but incorrect explanations?

Defense Mechanisms:

Substituting behavior, thoughts, or feelings that are diametrically opposed to one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is expelling disturbing wishes, thoughts, or experiences from conscious awareness?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is expressing feelings and thoughts directly in a way that is coercive or manipulative?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is reflecting feelings, thoughts, motivation, and behavior and responding to them appropriately?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is compartmentalizing opposite affect states and failing to integrate the positive and negative qualities of the self or others into cohesive images?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is the channeling of potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior?

Defense Mechanisms:

What is intentionally avoiding thinking about disturbing problems, wishes, feelings, or experiences?

Defense Mechanisms:

What are words or behaviors designed to negate or to make amends symbolically for unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or actions?

1. orientation phase

2. working phase

3. resolution phase

Orientation, Working, or Resolution Phase?:

Last phase; termination stage of the relationship that lasts from the time the problems are actually resolved to the close of the relationship.

Orientation, Working, or Resolution Phase?:

First phase; phase during which the RN and patient begin to get to know one another; can last from a few minutes to several months; developing trust is a major part of this phase.

Orientation, Working, or Resolution Phase?:

Phase in which the patient uses the relationship to examine specific problems and learn new ways of approaching them; second phase.

True or False:

The nurse-patient relationship is a static process, with no change over time.

False-

The nurse-patient relationship is a dynamic process that changes over time

vary; grappling; struggling;

mutual withdrawal