Term
| Traits shared by charophyceans and land plants. |
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Definition
1. Similar plastids
2. Similar cellulose cell walls
3. Anti-photorespiration enzymes packages in peroxiosomes
4. Similar flagellated sperm
5. Similar structures during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
phragmo- (from Greek phragmos fence, from phrassein to enclose) + -plast
: the enlarged barrel-shaped spindle that is characteristic of the later stages of plant mitosis and within which the cell plate forms |
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Term
| What are the earliest land plants? |
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Definition
| Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts |
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Term
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Definition
1. Apical meristems
2. Multicellular, dependent embryos
3. Alternation of Generation Lifecycle
4 Walled spores(made with sporopollenin) produced by a multicellular sporangium
5. Multicellular organs produce gametes (gametangia)
6. Specialize epidermis; stomata and cuticle
7. Adaptations for water transport; vascular tissue
8. Secondary compounds: chemicals that help the plant achieve an end |
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Term
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Definition
| Multicellular organs that produce gametes. Angiosperms do not possess one. They are split into the antheridia(sperm) and archegonia(egg). |
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Term
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Definition
| Peat Moss; Covers 1% of the Earth's land surfaces. Dead peat resists decomposition, so it is a carbon bank(400 billion tons worldwide). Structure is absorbant, so used as fuel and soil conditioner. Peat mining is bad. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Pteridophyte, which is a type of fern |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates water loss through opening and closing of stomata |
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Term
| What are true roots, stems and leaves defined by? |
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Definition
The presence of vascular tissues and true vascular tissues contain lignin.
All land plants except the bryophytes have a true vascular system. |
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Term
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Definition
| A secondary compound produced by plants, which is useful to humans in preventing malaria |
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Term
| Derived traits of land plants |
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Definition
1. Apical meristem: Plants move by growing
2. Multicellular dependent embryos: Embryophytes
3. Alternation of generation: Heteromorphic
4. Walled spores produced by multicellular sporangia
5. Gametangia
6. Epidermis
7. Vascular Tissue
8. Secondary compounds: protection, signaling, defense and support |
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Term
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Definition
ultimately from Greek bryon + phyton plant; akin to Greek phyein to bring forth -- more at BE
: any of a division (Bryophyta) of nonflowering plants comprising the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts |
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Term
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Definition
1. Lack true vascular tissues, which limits their thickness and height
2. The gametophyte is larger and dominant and the sporophyte is smaller and dependent
3. Very desiccitant resistant |
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Term
| Fertilization and Bryophytes |
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Definition
| Water dependent because sperm are flagellated to swim from the antheridia to the archegonia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| They are all photoautotrophs. They usually live in moist habitats, but can withstand cold dry environments. They need free water for fertilization, so it limits distribution |
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Term
| Seedless Vascular Plant Phylums |
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Definition
1. Lycophyta(lycophytes/club mosses)
2. Pterophyta(ferns and their relatives) |
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Term
| The first vascular plants |
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Definition
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Term
| Traits of the First Vascular Plants |
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Definition
1. Lignified vascular system of phloem and xylem
2. Dominant, independent sporophyte generation
3. No Seeds |
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Term
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Definition
| A vascular plant of the Silurian period. Tall statur and large branched sporophytes with numerous sporangia |
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Term
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Definition
| Small leaves which have only a single strand of vascular tissue. Evolved from a small stem outgrowth or flap. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large leaves with a branched vascular system, support more photosynesis. They are thought to evolved by flattening and joining of multiple branches |
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Term
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Definition
| Single type of spore; Bisexual gametophyte, with both kind of gametangia |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains either a megaspore or microspore, which correspondingly contain either male or female gametophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Clusters of sporangia, usually on the underside of sporophyll |
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Term
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Definition
| "cones" usually on the tips of shoots/branches |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A Pteridophyte; in the Phylum Pterophyta; Horse Tail; In the same Phylum as Psilotum(whisk fern) and Lycopodium(club moss)
Often have separate vegetative and fertile stems; "jointed plants" with rings of small leaves or branches at each joint; Bulk of photosynthesis in stem; Homosporous; May be the oldest surviving genus of plants on Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| How lycopodium(Phylum Lycophyta) grows on tropical trees |
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Term
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Definition
| Lycophyta; Many grow on tropical trees as epiphytes; Others grow on temperate forest floors; Tiny gametophytes, sometimes underground; Upright stems with many small leaves(microphylls) |
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Term
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Definition
| Spike "moss," Lycophyta; Small,low to the ground; Grow horizontally |
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Term
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Definition
| Quillwort; Lycophyta; Live in marshy areas; Represented today by a single genus |
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Term
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Definition
| Whisk fern; Pterophyta; Dichtomously branching stems; No roots(like first vascular plants); Stems have small scale-like outgrowths without vascular tissue(unclear if they predate leaves or are reduced leaves) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Megaphylls are called fronds
2. Most are homosporous
3. Gametophytes shrivel and die
4. Can produce lots of airborne spores
5. 12,000+ species; most in tropics
6. Pterophyta phylum
7. Dominant sporophyte, Reduced gametophyte
8. Sporangia |
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Term
| What seedless plants are not homosporous? |
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Definition
Spike Mosses and Quillworts(Both Lycophytes)
Heterospory seems to have developped independently because although most seed plants are heterosporous, they are more closely related to Pterophytes than Lycophytes |
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