Term
| When did bryophytes first arise? |
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Definition
| 300-400 million years ago. |
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Term
| When did the colonization of land take place? |
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Definition
| 300-400 million years ago. |
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Term
| What was the first plant to colonize land? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What were the ancestors of land plants? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Do bryophytes have vascular tissues like xylem and phloem? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the area around the egg called in the archegonia of a moss? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will you find in a cross section of the female reproductive structures of mosses? |
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Definition
| Archegonia containing eggs surrounded by venters with elongated necks |
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Term
| how does fertilization take place in mosses? |
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Definition
| Water lands on the antheridia which picks up the sperm then the water droplets land on the archegonia to fertilize the egg. |
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Term
| the zygote in mosses eventually develops into a ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| the embryo is what ploidy? |
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Definition
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Term
| how does the sporophyte obtain nutrition? |
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Definition
| There is a placenta around the foot of the sporophyte with many folds. |
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Term
| where do you find the spores in the sporophytes? |
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Definition
| In the capsule of the sporangium. |
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Term
| what two things make up the sporangium? |
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Definition
| A calyptra and a capsule. |
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Term
| the spores in the sporangium are what ploidy? |
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Definition
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Term
| a single sporangium can create how many spores? |
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Definition
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Term
| do the sporophytes branch in mosses? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do spores do in mosses? |
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Definition
| They are haploid, they germinate by mitotic division. They then give rise to gametophytes (n). These gametophtes give rise to antheridia and archegonia |
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Term
| what is the hat like structure on the top of the sporangium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lid like structure on the sporangium that will reveal the peristome covering the spores? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the peristome open and release the spores in mosses, when it is wet or when it is dry? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four extant taxa of seedless vascular plants? |
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Definition
| Lycopodium, Psilotum, Selaginella, Ferns |
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Term
| What are the three extinct taxa of seedless vascular plants? |
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Definition
| Aglaophyton, Cooksonia, Rhynia |
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Term
| Bryophytes are anchored by... |
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Definition
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Term
| the rhizoids in bryophytes are attached to the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is different about seedless vascular plants as opposed to bryophytes? |
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Definition
| SVPs have vascular tissue. The sporophyte generation is dominant in bryophytes. The sporophyte is also dependent on the gametophyte in bryophytes. The sporophyte is unbranched and has one sporangia. |
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Term
| Where do bryophytes get most of their nutrition? |
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Definition
| Rainfall and dust or soil. |
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Term
| T/F seedless vascular plants have xylem, phloem, and parenchyma differentiation |
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Definition
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Term
| where are the sporangia located on aglaophyta? |
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Definition
| At the end of photosythetic stems. |
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Term
| is there branching in aglaophyton? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the stem cross sections of aglaophyton look like? |
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Definition
| They have hydroids and leptoids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conduct water and minerals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conduct food throughout the plant |
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Term
| Why are hydroids and leptoids different than xylem and phloem? |
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Definition
| They do not contain lignin |
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Term
| Does the aglaophyton have leaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the aglaophton have roots? |
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Definition
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Term
| aglaophyton existed in the _____ era. |
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Definition
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Term
| Psilotum was the first plant to develop ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the psilotum have leaves? |
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Definition
| No, they have outgrowths of the dermal tissue that looks like stems. They are called enations. |
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Term
| what are inside of the little yellow nodules all over psilotum? |
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Definition
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Term
| in psilotum, the sporophyte generation is _____ and the gametophyte generation is _______. (ploidy) |
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Definition
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Term
| Early lycophytes were the size of modern day ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| in lycophytes there is ______ branching. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| do the leaves of lycopods have stoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| are lycopods extant or extinct? |
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Definition
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Term
| are lycopods extant or extinct? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves with only one strand of vascular tissue. |
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Term
| what is a strobilus and where is it found? |
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Definition
| a strobilus is a cluster of sporangia in a cone like structure found on lycopods at the tip of the stems. |
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Term
| in the strobilus there are many sporangia, what are they covered by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What functions as vascular tissue in mosses? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F both Psilotum and Lycopodium have xylem and phloem. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bryophytes like the liverwort have _____ to anchor themselves. Seedless vascular plants like Psilotum have a _____ to anchor itself. |
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Definition
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Term
| The fern has an _______ root. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lepidodendron has _____ branching |
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Definition
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Term
| Psilotum don't have leaves, they have ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mosses don't have leaves, they have _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the telome theory? |
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Definition
| Megaphylls (multiveined leaves) evolved from simple, leafless photosynthetic branching systems then became dissected (kind of webbed) and eventually laminate (leaflike). |
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Term
| ______ generation dominant in bryophyte, _______ generation dominant in seedless vascular plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| Branched/unbranched sporophyte: Bryophytes? Rest of plant groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ (#) sporangia per sporophyte in bryophytes, ______ sporangia per sporophyte in the rest of the plant groups. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| There is only one type of spore, the offspring is bisexual. |
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Term
| if a plant is homosporous does it undergo exosporic or endosporic germination? |
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Definition
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Term
| are ferns homosporous or heterosporous? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what was the first plant group to be heterosporous? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first plant group to have stems, roots, and leaves? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what was the first plant group to have wood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first plant group to have seeds? |
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Definition
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Term
| the plant must be _______ to give rise to a seed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Heterospory means the plant gives rise to _____ and ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| seeded plants retain the ____spore. |
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Definition
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Term
| in seeded plants the embryo develops within the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Megasporangium + ineguments |
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Term
| What is the gametophyte in the seeded plants? |
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Definition
| The endosperm surrounding the embryo. |
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Term
| why is the seed adventitious? |
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Definition
| Because the spores and gametophytes are protected withing the ovule, seeds have food reserves for the young sporophyte, and the young sporophyte is protected within the seed. |
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Term
| T/F the seedless vascular plants protect the sporangia better than any of its predecessors. |
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Definition
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Term
| The integuments are thought to have developed from _____. |
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Definition
| Telomes, or dichotomously branched stems. |
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Term
| the ovule is thought to have developed from a fusion of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| More derived plants have ______ functional megaspore per sporangium (#). |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F derived plants do not retain their megaspores in the megasporangium. |
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Definition
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Term
| In derived plants the endosporic megagametophyte is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| in seeded plants the method of dispersal is not in the ______ but the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An extinct fern-like seed producing plant. ancestor of the gymosperm. |
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Term
| what does gymnosperm mean? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| do gymnosperms have flowers? |
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Definition
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Term
| do gymnosperms have fruits? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the pollen grain called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gymnosperms inclue what four groups? |
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Definition
Coniferophyta (pines, firs, spruces, redwoods)
Cycadophyta (cycads)
Ginkophyta (Ginko)
Gnetophyta (Ephedra, welwitchia) |
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