Term
| what does xylem transport? what does phloem transport? |
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Definition
xylem - water and minerals
phloem - carbohydrates (sucrose) |
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Term
| what does 'source-sink relationship' refer to? |
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Definition
-direction of transport in phloem. Carbohydrate source (photosynthesizing leaves, storage roots, storage areas)
Carb. sink (developing fruit, actively growing stem tips, buds, developing parts) |
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Term
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Definition
Chloroplasts - green
Chromoplasts - red/yellow/orange
Leucoplasts - colorless |
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Term
| what plastids store starch? oils? |
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Definition
starch - amyloplasts
oil - elaioplasts |
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Term
| how are eukaryotic plant cells different from animal? (6) |
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Definition
1. have a cell wall
2. form cell plate in telophase
3. have large central vacuole
4. have plastids
5. no centrioles
6. no lysomes |
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Term
| where is cell sap located? what is found in it? is it generally acidic or basic? |
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Definition
in large central vacuole.
wastes, oils, salts, sugars, proteins, water,some pigments (anthocyanin), specific compounds/molecules (nicotine)
-acidic |
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Term
| what is the chemical makeup of the cellulose? |
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Definition
| polymer of glucose molecules linked with beta 1-4 linkages |
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Term
| what does the cell wall consist of? |
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Definition
1. cellulose
2. microfibrils
3. macrofibrils
4. pectins |
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Term
| what do primary walls have that secondary don't? what do secondary walls have that primary don't? |
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Definition
no pectin in secondary
no lignin in primary |
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Term
| what is the middle lammella made of? where is it located? what does it do? (2) |
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Definition
made of pectins
located outside of cell wall between adjacent cells
cements cells together, waterproofs |
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Term
| what are the 'holes' in secondary walls called? what runs through them connecting cells for communication? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are merristematic tissues? non-merristematic? |
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Definition
merristematic - actively dividing cells or cells that retain the ability to divide
non-merristematic - not actively growing |
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Term
| what are some possible roles of parenchyma? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of cell has abnormally thick primary walls and no secondary? what function does it serve? |
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Definition
| collenchyma, provides support for actively growing regions |
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Term
| what are the two types of sclerencyma? |
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Definition
fibers - longer than wide
sclereids - isodiametric (equal diameters around), or anisodiametric (with 'arms') |
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Term
| what are 5 comlex non-merristematic tissues? |
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Definition
1. xylem
2. phloem
3. epidermis
4. periderm
5. secretory |
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Term
| what are the three parts of the epidermis? |
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Definition
| stomates, guard cells, cuticle |
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Term
| what are the differences between xylem vessel elements and tracheids? are the alive or dead at maturity? |
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Definition
vessels - larger in diameter, open-ended or with bar-like strips on ends, transport more water
tracheids - smaller in diameter, pitted end walls, transports less water but filters air/gas bubbles
-both dead at maturity |
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Term
| what are the cell types of xylem? |
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Definition
1. xylem parenchyma
2. fibers
3. tracheids
4. vessel members/elements
5. rays of parenchyma (wood) |
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Term
| what are the cell types of phloem? which one stains red? |
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Definition
1. phloem parenchyma
2. phloem fibers (red)
3. sieve tube members/cells
4. companion cells
5. rays of parenchyma (wood) |
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Term
| how do xylem and phloem differ in gymnosperms? |
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Definition
xylem - tracheids only, no fibers
phloem - companion cells called albuminous cells |
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Term
| what are some examples of substances associated with secretory tissue? |
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Definition
| nectar, oils, resins, waxes, poisons, latex, enzymes, glue |
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Term
| what are the three parts of the periderm from inside-out? |
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Definition
| phelloderm, phellogen, cork |
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