Term
| The 5 functions of the skeletal system |
|
Definition
| Mobility, Production of blood cells, Protection of vital organs, Structure, and Storage of minerals (MoPPSS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stem cells from which ALL connective tissue descends |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilage low in fiber content, found in tip of nose and costal cartilage of (true) ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high in collagen; characterized by large red bands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilage high in elastin; characterized by thin bands; found in ears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connective tissue that is bone to muscle vs. bone to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells which form the matrix of hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells found in hyaline cartilage which maintain the matrix; housed in lacunae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of collagen fibers (though not to the extent of fibrocartilage) and proteoglycans for strength and resiliency respectively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Two layers of connective tissue surrounding cartilage:
Inner--less fibers, contains chondroblasts
Outer--vasculated cells, provide nutrients |
|
|
Term
| degree of vascularization of cartilage |
|
Definition
| 0. All cartilage is AVASCULAR. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covers bones at joints; no perichondrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new chondrocytes/matrix at periphery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chondrocytes divide, and add more matrix b/t cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CaPO4 crystals, makes up the inorganic portion of the bone matrix (stiffness) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collagen fibers and proteoglycans (durability) |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of bone cells and purposes |
|
Definition
osteoblasts: precursor, forms matrix through osteogenesis/ossification
osteocytes: maintenence
osteoclasts: remolding, maintains Ca2+ concentration in BLOOD; multinucleated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
randomly oriented collagen fibers
found in newly formed bone (fetal, fracture repair) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mature bone (sheets), formed in concentric circles around central/haversian canals
remodelled from woven |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "spongy" bone: contains trabeculae, spaces filled w/marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense bone; built through endochondral ossification |
|
|
Term
| osteogenesis/ossification |
|
Definition
collagen produced by ER of osteoblasts, released by exocytosis via golgi; hydroxyapatite precursors stored in vesicles and released via exocytosis
Osteoblasts communicate through gap junctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space occupied by osteocyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spaces occupied by osteocyte cell processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ruffled border on osteoclast: releases H+'s and enzymes to break down bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| osteoclast precursors formed from red marrow stem cells |
|
|
Term
| Osteochondral progenitor cells |
|
Definition
| precursors of osteoblasts and chondroblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interconnecting rods/plates of bone; covered w/ endosteum; oriented along stress lines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parallel to long axis of bone, contain vessels |
|
|
Term
| perforating/volkmann's canal |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to long axis of bone, vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
layers of bone that can be any of the following:
concentric--layered in circles around a central canal
interstitial--filling spaces between osteons
circumferential--layered around edge of bone, just deeper than periosteum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a central canal and it's surrounding lamellae, osteocytes, and their contents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long (longer than wide)
short (nearly cuboid)
flat (ex: ribs, sternum, skull, scapulae)
irregular (ex: vertebrae, facial) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
growth plate in epiphysis, hyaline cartilage
present until growth stops, then ossifies into epiphyseal line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cavity central in bone; red marrow becomes yellow marrow in limbs and skull(except epiphyses in long bones), all others stay red |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double layer: outer is highly fibrous (tendons become continuous herewith), inner is a layer of 'blasts, 'clasts, and progenitors; if outer is lost, important cells are exposed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| penetrate from outer periosteum into bone, strengthens tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to periosteum, more cellular; lines all inner spaces of bone |
|
|
