Term
| What philosopher is most associated with virtue ethics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What philosopher is most associated with deontological ethics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What philosopher is most associated with Utilitarianism? (Consequentalism) |
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Definition
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Term
| Define: Virtue Ethics, deontology, utilitarianism |
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Definition
Virtue Ethics - seeks to determine to discover what it means to have the good life or happy life for a human being.
Utilitarianism- is a kind of consequential ethics that judge between the rightness and wrongness of a given issue based off the consequences.
deontology- theory that asserts that an moral judgment cannot simply come from one's experience or also the consequences of that judgment. |
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Term
| Explain the distinction between normative and factual claims in the study of ethics to be. |
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Definition
| Factual claims are statements that are "is" of an situation. For instance, "Mary killed a dog." Normative claims are the "ought" that stems from a moral principle in a situation. For instance, "Mary killed a dog, therefore this is wrong." |
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Term
| Why does Aristotle, is moral philsophy concerned more with action than with thought? |
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Definition
| Because the "rightness" or "wrongness" of an action defines what the person virtue is. |
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Term
| What is the difference between using someone as a mere means to an end, and treating them as an end in themselves? |
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Definition
| To treat a person an means or an process is to treat them as an object or a tool to get yourself to a ends, where as a person should treat another as a ends in themselves, or the goal itself. |
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Term
| Why does Aristotle regard happiness as the ultimate "end" of life? |
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Definition
| Because happiness has no means to its end. |
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Term
| What are the basic components of a happy life, for Aristotle? |
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Definition
| To possess a virtous character and to have certain externals. |
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Term
| What does it mean to possess a virtuous character, for Aristotle? |
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Definition
| To possess a virtuous character, you must emulate a just person and apply that habitually in your life. |
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Term
| What is the particular virtue of a human being according to Aristotle? |
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Definition
| To reason well and act accordingly to that. |
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Term
| What is Kant's categorical imperative? |
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Definition
| That you must act only so that your maxim of your action could be willed as an universal law. |
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Term
| What does it mean to possess a "good will", from a Kantian perspective? |
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Definition
| That the will cannot have an means to an end. |
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Term
| From Kant's point of view, why is lying immoral? |
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Definition
| Because then you would be contradicting the Categorical Imperative, therefore your will would be bad, therefore lying is immoral. |
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Term
| From Mill's point of view, why is lying immoral? |
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Definition
| Because lying does not promote happiness. |
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Term
| What is the "greatest happiness" principle? |
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Definition
| "An action that promotes good is happiness, but bad if it promotes unhappiness" |
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Term
| What does Mill think of as happiness? How is it different from what a pig experiences when it rolls around in its mud wallow? |
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Definition
| Happiness being able to experience both lower and higher levels of pleasures and also experiencing different types of social and relational pleasures. Pigs are simply content in the lower form of pleasure, where as humans can expereince both forms of pleasure, making them truly happy. |
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Term
| How do we determine the worth of a pleasure, from Mill's persepective? |
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Definition
| That if you take many individuals that experienced both pleasures, and that the most individuals would take the greater or higher pleasures over the lower pleasures. |
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Term
| What does Aristotle understand the discipline of ethics to be? |
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Definition
| He understands the discipline of ethics to be the study of human action. |
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Term
| What is happiness according to Aristotle? |
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Definition
| Activity in the soul expressing reason over the course of a life and with the addition of certain externals |
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Term
| What is virtue according to Aristotle? |
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Definition
| The excellent exercise of practical reason in which our actions are brought into accord with reason |
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Term
| What is virtuous action according to aristotle? |
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Definition
Action that accords with practical reason and is propotional to the particualr situation.
Courage is virtue, but too much is rash and not enough is cowardice. |
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