Framework for body

muscle attachment (skeletal muscles)

Protection (skull and rib cage)

Formative (produces blood cells

Repository (stores minerals, calcium

Protects brain

facial features

dentition support

special sensory organ support

Bones of the skull

2 groups

neurocranium (8)

surrounds brain

viscerocranium (14)

all others

6 bones unpaired and 8 paired=22 bones

where 2 fixed bones meet

fibrous joint

opening or perforation

(usually leads to canal or meatus)

Coronal- frontal and parietal

Sagittal- parietals

Lambdoidal-parietals and occipital

Frontal bone

single

glabella- bump over nose

frontal sinus- lighten skull, hallowed out space

paired

2 bones on side of skull

single

most posterior bone of skull

foramen magnum- spinal cord

occipital condyles- articulated with the atlas (c1) and axis (c2) for rotation

paired

3 divisions: squamous (part of temporal fossa), petrous (behind ear), tympanic

consists of:

mastoid process- petrous portion

zygomatic process- where you put blush

styloid process- attachment for muscles

external auditory meatus- ear canal

mandibular fossa- articulates w/ condyle of mandible

stylomastiod foramen- between styloid process and mastoid process

single

greater wings- side of skull

lesser wings- small wings

sphenoid sinuses- located in sphenoid bone

sella turcica- hypophysial fossa (pituitary sits here)

foramina-short, windowlike opening

ovale- carries nerves to oral cavity (impt. for RDH's)

rotundum- impt. for RDH's

Spinosum

optic canal- 2nd cranial nerve

superior orbital fissure-between greater lesser wings

carotid canal- internal carotid artery

pterygoid processes:

internal medial pterygoid plates (pterygoid hamulus)

external lateral pterygoid plates

pterygoid fossa- between the lateral & medial plates

single

cribriform plate- olfactory nerves (I)

crista galli- spinal process (dura matter attaches to it)

perpendicular plate- straight done middle of nose

ethmoid sinuses

conchae- the terminates

superior and middle nasal conchae

no inferior

single

perp. plate from nasal septum

articulates with maxilla

paired

project away from walls of nasal cavity

paired

form bridge of nose

paired

form wall of orbit

forms cheek bones

temporal process- extends toward temporal bone

frontal process- extends toward frontal bone

maxillary process- extends toward maxilla

paired R&L

horizontal plate- form palate

vertical plate- contain the foramen

greater and anterior palatine foramen- nerves (anesthesia)

lesser or posterior palatine foramen

paired

maxillary sinus

alveolar process- holds teeth

palatine process- median palatine suture

maxillary tuberosity- elevated on posterior aspect of maxilla

frontal process- goes toward frontal bone

zygomatic proces- goes toward zygomatic

canine eminence-facial ridge of bone over maxill. canine

canine fossa- behind roots of canines

foramina:

nasopalatine-under incisive papilla

infraorbital- under eye

posterior superior alveolar foramen

single

ramus- plate of mandible that extends superiorly from body of mandible

angle- at intersections of the posterior and inferior borders of ramus

body- horizontal portion of mandible

condylar process-articulates w/ mandibular fossa

coronoid process

coronoid notch- where thumb sits when giving injection

mandibular notch- mandible between condyle and coronoid process

mental foramen- between premolars

alveolar process

lingula- ligament attaches

mental protuberance- bony prominence of chin

genial tubercles- midline bony projections or up on inner aspect of mandible

submandibular fossa- sublingual salivary gland

external oblique line- crest on lateral side of mandible where ramus meets joint

internal oblique line

mylohyoid line- muscle for floor of mouth attaches here

Hyoid bone

not a bone of the skull

serves as a muscle attachment apparatus for suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

plays a part in function on mandible

function: lighten bones