Term
| What percent of bones is organic tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fibrous tissue and cells
Collagen
Protein, polysaccharides, GAGs, Chondrotin Sulfate, |
|
|
Term
| Organic Tissue is responsible for.. |
|
Definition
| Resilience, toughness, flexibility (due to collagen) |
|
|
Term
| What percent of bones is inorganic matter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the inorganic matter what percent is Ca or P? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10cc's of bone contains how much Calcium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 hardest structures in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eliminating the inorganic matter from bone is called? |
|
Definition
decalcification
done by treating a bone with acid |
|
|
Term
| what does a de-calcified bone look like? |
|
Definition
| very flexible, could be tied in a knot |
|
|
Term
| if we remove the organic portion what happens? |
|
Definition
| maintains shape, very brittle |
|
|
Term
| how would we remove the organic portion of a bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percent of bone is water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the Ca:P ratio in bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Bone is a dynamic tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protects eyes, ears and brain |
|
|
Term
| function of vertebral column |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protects bladder and internal organs |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of osteoblasts? |
|
Definition
| synthesize bone, the process of synthesizing bone traps osteoblast in lacunae |
|
|
Term
| What will osteoblasts be transformed into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do osteocytes contact each other? |
|
Definition
| through long cytoplasmic extensions |
|
|
Term
| what is the role of long cytoplasmic extensions? |
|
Definition
| where cells get nutrients/dispose of waste |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main classes of bone? |
|
Definition
| Cancellous(spongy) and Compact |
|
|
Term
| Where does spongy bone get its name? |
|
Definition
| from the bony spinicules and trabeculae that resemble a sponge |
|
|
Term
| what fills the space in a spongy bone? |
|
Definition
| bone marrow and blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of cancellous bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is red marrow found? |
|
Definition
| ends of long bones, ribs. sternum, vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary role of red bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| to synthesize red blood cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of compact bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is compact bone found? |
|
Definition
| shaft of long bone, outside layer of all the bone |
|
|
Term
| What is compact bone composed of? |
|
Definition
| tiny, tightly compacted cylinders of bone called Haversian |
|
|
Term
| What does an osteonal system contain? |
|
Definition
central (Haversial canal)
surrounded by circular flakes of bone called osteomal lamella which forms inner tube |
|
|
Term
| Haversian Cable contains? |
|
Definition
| blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contact each other via canaliculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extremities of bone, primarily spongy bone, provide lightness and strength, act as a shock absorber/lever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shaft, lies between epiphysis, contains medullary cavity and marrow, can cause an increase in diameter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth plate, layer of hyaline bone will increase length, layers of cartilage between end and shafts |
|
|
Term
| Define: Articular Cartilage |
|
Definition
| found on surface of compact bone where bone to bone contact causes wear and tear, reduces friction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lines all surfaces facing medullary cavity,
contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
covers all bone except joint surface
heals fractures |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the periosteum? |
|
Definition
1) Outer: fibrous tissue
2) Inner: osteoblasts, synthesize/secrete matrix, inactive in adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common in younger animals, limited areas in older animals
synthesizes blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hard and fatty, stores fat, capable of converting to red marrow if needed |
|
|
Term
| Which marrow is more common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does yellow marrow have blood forming capabilities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the types of cells? |
|
Definition
| Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of Osteoblasts? |
|
Definition
forms bone
produces bone matrix
calcification of the matrix |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of Osteocytes? |
|
Definition
Mature bone cell
maintain bone matrix
can be recruited to become osteoblasts |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of Osteoclasts? |
|
Definition
bone destroyer
large and motile
breaks down minerals as needed |
|
|
Term
| What are osteoclasts derived from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the types of bone? |
|
Definition
Cancellous
Compact
Short
Flat
Sesamoid
Irregular |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a short bone? |
|
Definition
cuboid in shape
lacks marrow cavity
found in joints with a variety of movement
Example: Carpal and Tarsal |
|
|
Term
| Describe a flat bone and list 2 examples |
|
Definition
thin, expands in 2 dimensions, protects vital organs,
ex. scapula, pelvis, ribs |
|
|
Term
| What are sesamoid bones involved with and list and example? |
|
Definition
| involved with tendons, patella |
|
|
Term
| List an example of an irregular bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What produces and maintains cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 3 tyoes of cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is hyaline cartilage found? |
|
Definition
| on joint surfaces, reduces wear/tear |
|
|
Term
| Where is elastic cartilage found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does elastic cartilage provide? |
|
Definition
| shape, structure, flexibility |
|
|
Term
| Where is fibro cartilage found? |
|
Definition
| invertebral discs of spine |
|
|
Term
| how does cartilage differ from bone? |
|
Definition
softer
more flexible
bone is better at regeneration |
|
|
Term
| bone formation also known as: |
|
Definition
| Ossification or Osteogenesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
Heteroplastic
Intramembranous Osification
Endocranal Osification |
|
|
Term
| What animals do not have a clavicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is heteroplastic connective tissue and list an example? |
|
Definition
Non-skeletal, bone formed outside of the skeleton
Ex. Os Penis, Os Cordis (heart valve), Os Rostri (pigs nose) |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of intramembraneous Osification? |
|
Definition
synthesis of membrane bone
not involved with a cartilage template
forms flat bones |
|
|
Term
| What is the simplest method of bone formation? |
|
Definition
| Intramembraneous osification |
|
|
Term
| What is endocronal osification? |
|
Definition
develops from cartilage template
in utero or after birth
mechanism for bone growth in length
major mechanism for long bone formation |
|
|
Term
| _________ create new cartilage on ____________ side of epipyseal plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ replaces cartilage on ____________ side of epipyseal plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a bone reaches full size it is__________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to chondrocytes when a bone reaches full size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreased muscle mass causes |
|
Definition
| decreased bone mass, decreased mobility |
|
|
Term
| Increased muscle mass causes |
|
Definition
| Increased bone mass, increased mobility |
|
|
Term
| What gland/hormone regulates Calcium |
|
Definition
| parathyroid gland, parathyroud hormone |
|
|
Term
| What does PTH increase the production of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does PTH decrease production of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesenchymal cells migrate too.. |
|
Definition
| ..where ever cartilage or bone is formed |
|
|
