Term
| What are the stages of blood development from 3 week gestation to birth? |
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Definition
Week 3-5: Primordial (Yolk Sac) Week 5- Month 5: Liver, Spleen, Thymus(T-Lymphocytes) 5 months- Birth: Bone Marrow |
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Term
| What makes most plasma proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes immunoglobins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| endothelial cels, megakaryocytes, |
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Term
| What germ layer does blood come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells differentiate within the yolk sac to make blood and endothelium |
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Definition
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Term
| In fetal Hematopoiesis what does the liver produce? |
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Definition
Granulocytes Platelets Erythroblasts(nucleated RBC) |
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Term
| In fetal Hematopoiesis what does the spleen produce? |
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Definition
| Erythrocytes(mature RBCs) |
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Term
| When does bone marrow first begin to develop? |
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Definition
At 2-3 months of fetal growth. Medullary tissue first develops in the clavicle. |
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Term
| During fetal Hematopoiesis what do the Lymphnodes produce? |
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Definition
Lymphocytes and RBCs 5 months -Birth |
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Term
| Where is bone marrow located? |
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Definition
| Medullary cavity of long and flat bone |
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Term
| Whats the difference between Red and Yellow bone marrow? |
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Definition
Red: is actively making blood. Yellow: has been replaced by fat. Happens with age. |
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Term
| What is the structure of bone marrow? |
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Definition
Stroma: connective tissue. place for cells to sit. Hematopoietic cords: blood forming cells Sinusiods: point of entry inot circulation. |
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Term
| What bone destroying cell is also a macrophage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the fuctions of bone marrow? |
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Definition
1. Hematopoiesis (blood making) 2. Part of Reticulo-Endothelial system -System of macrophages that clean. -include the macrophages and where they live 3. Hemoglobin breakdown. |
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Term
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Definition
Product of Heme(Porphyrin)/Hemoglobin breakdown associated with Bone Marrow function. Makes stool brown. |
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Term
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Definition
A glycoprotein that transfers Iron in blood plasma. |
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Term
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Definition
A globular protein complex that stores Iron? Called apoferritin when it doesnt have iron. |
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Term
| What are Colony-forming cells/units (CFC or CFU)? |
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Definition
When grown in a culture, these cells will give rise to a group (colony) of hematopoietic cells. In between stages. They all differntiate into the same final product. |
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Term
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Definition
Chemical growth factors Made by: Bone marrow stroma (firbroblasts and endothelial cells), Macrophages, T-lymphocytes. |
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Term
| What are characteristics of most "Blast" cells |
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Definition
Large size Large nucleus, sometimes with nucleoli. Blue cytoplase, lots of protein synthesis |
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Term
What can you stain for to find out if you are seeing a megakaryocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can you stain for in a T-Lymphocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can you stain for to see if you have a mature nuetrophil? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Monophyletic theory? |
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Definition
| Everything comes from a single type of stem cell. |
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Term
What are the Growth Factors for Pluripotent Stem Cells? |
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Definition
Stem Cell Factor (SCF): required for division. earlier acting cytokines: -Interleukins (IL) 1, 3, 6, 11; Flt3 ligand -required for stem cell survival |
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Term
| Growth Factors for CFU-GM (Granulocyte/Macrophage(which is a monocyte)) |
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Definition
GM-CSF (Granulocyt/Macrophage colony) and everything that stem cells need. |
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Term
| Growth factor for Granulocytes? |
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Definition
G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) |
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Term
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Definition
M-CSF (Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) |
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Term
| Easinophils Growth Factor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Magakaryocyte Growth Factor? |
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Definition
Thrombopoetin GM-CSM Earlier acting Cytokines |
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Term
| BFU-E (Blast Forming Units-Erythroid) growth factor? |
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Definition
Erthythropoietin -GM-CSF, IL-3, SCF |
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Term
| How is Erthropoietin used in a clinical setting? |
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Definition
Increases Hematocrit(% of RBC) in people with renal failure, HIV |
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Term
| How is G-CSF used in a clinical setting? |
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Definition
Used to increase neutrophiles in people recieving chemotherapy. |
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Term
| How is Thrombopoeitin used in a clinical setting? |
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Definition
Used to increase Platelets in people recieving chemotherapy. |
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Term
| What is Aplastic Anemia and what are possible ways to treat it? |
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Definition
Bone marrow does not produce suffient enough cells to replace blood cells. Early growth factors may be useful(GM-CSF, SCF)... Tend to effect vascular system cause capillary permeability and fluid leak. |
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Term
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Definition
Proerthroblast, Large nucleus, very dark blue cytoplasm→ Nucleus gets smaller, cytoplasm changes from dark blue to gray→ Nucleus is extruded, cyroplasm becomes pink. |
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Term
| Acronym to remember Erythropoesis order. |
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Definition
PB-PORE Proerythroblast Basophilic erythroblast Polychromatophilic erythroblast Orthrochromic normoblast Reticulocyte Erthrocyte |
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Term
| How does abnormal Hemeglobin production effact an Erythrocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of abnormal nuclear development in Erythrocytes? |
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Definition
B12 and folic acid deficiencies. Has something to do with DNA |
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Term
| Absent erythropoeisis/ red cell aplasia |
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Definition
Not enough RBCs Can be acquired or congenital |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of producing a Granulocyte. |
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Term
| What are some abnormalities of Granulocyte nuclei? What is the cause? |
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Definition
Very large band forms Hypersegmented neutrophiles B12 and folic acid deficiency |
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Term
| What lysosomal enzyme deficiencies can Macrophages have? |
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Definition
Glucocerebrosidase deficiency Causes enlargement of spleen, liver, and brain damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a macrophage is digesting other blood cells. |
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Term
| What happens if you have absent B- or T- lineage cells during Lymphopoiesis? |
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Definition
Causes immunodeficiency. Can be congenital or acquired(AIDS) |
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Term
| What causes loss of lymphoid follical architecture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if you have too much Megakaryocyte production? |
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Definition
Thrombocytopenia: immune-mediated platelet destruction. Thrombocytosis: too many platelets(form of cancer. Congenital ONLY |
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Term
| Deficency of the different cell types(cytopenia)... |
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Definition
Red cell aplasia Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia All: Aplastic Anemia |
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Term
| How can you acquire bone marrow failure? |
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Definition
Misdirected antibody production(autoimmune) Toxic effects of chemicals, medications Viral infections. |
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Term
| How do you treat Aplastic Anemia? |
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Definition
immunosupression growth factors bone marrow transplant high death rate without BMT |
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Term
| Erythropoiesis Deficiency (Result/Symptom/Treatment) |
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Definition
Anemia Tiredness, pallor(pale skin,reduced oxyhemoglobin) Erythropoetin, RBC transfussion |
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Term
Myelopoeisis Deficiency (Result/Symptom/Treatment) |
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Definition
Neutropenia Bacterial, fungal infections Antimicrobial treatment, G-CSF |
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Term
| Megakaryopoeisis Deficiency (Result/Symptom/Treatment) |
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Definition
Throbocytopenia Bleeding Platelet transfusions, Thrombpoietin |
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Term
| Clinial features of Aplastic Anemia |
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Definition
Predisposition to myeloid leukemia Short stature Limb abnormalities Genitourinary abnormalities Messed up pigmentation |
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Term
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Definition
-Excessive hematopoiesis (any type) -Cause death by tissue infiltration and imparing the functions of normal organs. -Malignant cells from other organs can also metastasize (migrate) to the bone marrow. |
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