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| a chemical property that describes the ability of an atom (or, more rarely, a functional group) to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself |
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| electrons in filled orbitals that shield the outer shell electrons somewhat from effects of protons. |
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| the bonding electrons will spend a greater amount of time around the atom that has the stronger affinity for electrons. |
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| bonding electrons that are covalent, shared by adjacent electrons, and are shared equally. |
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| any substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive |
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A molecule in which there is some separation of charge in the chemical bonds |
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| a molecule where there is no separation of charge in the chemical bonds |
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are broken when a compound boils from a liquid to a gas. |
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| the property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution |
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| the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom, like nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine (thus the name "hydrogen bond", which must not be confused with a covalent bond to hydrogen |
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| what causes the surface portion of a liquid to be attracted to another surface |
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a phenomenon caused by surface tension and resulting in the distortion, elevation, or depression of the surface of a liquid in contact with a solid |
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| the substance dissolved in another substance. |
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| a liquid in which substances are dissolved forming a solution |
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the process of attraction and association to the molecules of a solvent |
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| the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance that is called solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent to form a homogeneous solution |
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| a general process in which ionic compounds (complexes, or salts) separate or split into smaller particles, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner |
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| Water that has a high mineral content |
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| the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance and additional amounts of it will appear as a precipitate |
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| When referring to solutions, being able to dissolve more solute. When referring to organic compounds, containing double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. |
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| a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances |
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| Golden rule of dissolving |
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| The rule of dissolving where everything gold has to be measured. |
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| have one side that is hydrophilic and one side that is hydrophobic which allows it to bond with, and dissolve in, both water and oils |
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| the number of moles in solute dissolved in one liter of solution |
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| parts of solute per 100 total parts of solution |
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