Term
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: The ribose portion of a nucleotide can be used as a fuel source, but the purine and pyrimidine rings cannot. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a B vitamin found in green plants, fruit, yeast and liver |
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Term
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Definition
| active form of folic acid that can accept and donate one-carbon units |
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Term
| ______________ pathways are good targets for anti-cancer/antibacterial strategies since they represent fast growing cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is the limiting substance for purine synthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| ADP & GDP are negative allosteric effectors of _______________________. |
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Definition
| Ribose-5-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase |
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Term
| ____________ is the committed step in purine synthesis. |
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Definition
| Gln PRPP amidotransferase |
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Term
| _______ inhibit Gln PRPP amidotransferase by feedback inhibition - but at distinct allosteric sites. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ serves as a precursor to GTP and ATP. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are one carbon acceptors and donors. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Oxidation numbers are calculated by assigning valence bond electrons to the more electronegative atom and then counting the charge on the quasi ion |
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Term
| ______ is the energy input for AMP synthesis, whereas ___ is energy input for GMP. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________, a product in the synthesis of AMP, is a link with the citric acid cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is a nitrogen donor in AMP synthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is a nitrogen donor in GMP synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________, or the synthesis and degradation of amino acids, is an ongoing process in most cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is usually the most actively synthesized and degraded nucleic compound. |
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Definition
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Term
| Salvage pathways collect hypoxanthine and guanine and recombine them with PRPP to form nucleotides in the ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency in HGRPT; gouty arthritis |
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Term
| Purine degradation in animals leads to an accumulation of ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen is excreted as ________ and ______ in mammals. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen is excreted as _______ in reptiles and birds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogen is excreted as ________ or _________ in fish and amphibians. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the process of degradation of AMP. |
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Definition
| AMP (nucleotidase) -> Adenosine (adenosine deaminase) -> Inosine (purine nucleoside phosphorylase) -> Hypoxanthine (Xanthine oxidase) -> Xanthine (XO) -> Uric acid |
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Term
| Describe the process of degradation for GMP. |
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Definition
| GMP (nucleosidase) -> guanosine (PNP) -> Guanine (guanine deaminase) -> Xanthine (xanthine oxidase) -> uric acid |
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Term
| T or F: Pyrdimidines are synthesized as nucleotides. |
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Definition
| False; the pyrimidine ring is synthesized before ribose-5-phosphate is added. |
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Term
| ___________ and ___________ are the precursors of the six atoms of the pyrimidine ring. |
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Definition
| Carbamoyl-phosphate and aspartate |
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Term
| ______________ is the committed step in pyrimidine synthesis. |
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Definition
| Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of metabolites between different enzymic sites on a multifunctional polypeptide |
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Term
| ________ is the end result of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyrimidine Biosynthesis is Regulated at _______ in Bacteria and at _________ in Animals |
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Definition
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Term
| Free pyrimidines are salvaged and recycled to form nucleotides via _______________ reactions. |
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Definition
| phosphoribosyltransferase |
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Term
| True or False: In humans, free pyrimidine bases are salvaged. |
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Definition
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Term
| Catabolism of _______________ and uracil yields beta-alanine, ammonium ion, and CO2. |
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Definition
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Term
| Catabolism of _____________ yields beta-aminoisobutyric acid, ammonium ion, and CO2. |
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Definition
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Term
| Replacement of 2'-OH of nucleotides with hydride is catalyzed by _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is ribonucleotide reductase activity modulated? |
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Definition
1. catalytic activity turned off/on according to need for dNTPs
2. control amount of NTP substrates transformed |
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Term
| _________ activates ribonucleotide reductase while ___________ inhibits it. |
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Definition
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Term
| Thymine nucleotides are made from ____, which derives from dUDP, dCDP. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________ methylates dUMP at 5-position to make dTMP. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: Fluorosubstituted agents are often useful drug candidates. |
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Definition
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Term
| The methyl donor in the thymidylate cycle is the one-carbon folic acid derivative _______________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ and ______ couple catabolism (where they are generated) and anabolism (where they are necessary for energy.) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of stoichiometry? |
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Definition
1. reaction (products = reactants)
2. obligate coupling (mvmt of electrons)
3. evolved coupling (ATP balance) |
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Term
| ____________ is the moles of ATP produced or consumed per mole of substrate converted (or product formed). |
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Definition
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Term
| Hexokinase's coupling coefficient |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyruvate kinase's coupling coefficient |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two roles of ATP in metabolism. |
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Definition
1. stoichiometric role: energy currency
2. allosteric effector |
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Term
| Four fates of glucose-6-phosphate in metabolism. |
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Definition
1. converted to glycogen
2. released as blood glucose
3. pentose phosphate pathway (yields NADPH and pentoses)
4. catabolized to acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis |
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