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| Situated nearer the base of a pyramidal organ in relation to a specific reference point—opposite of apical (In dentistry, denoting the floor of a cavity in the grinding surface of a tooth) |
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| Situated nearer to the apex of a structure in relation to a specific reference point—opposite of basal (Relating to the apex or tip of a pyramidal or pointed structure) |
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| an intracellular junction that contains subunits in the form of polygonal lattices, which are the intercellular aspects of the two connexons that fit together, forming a channel between the cytoplasms of the two cells; it occurs in epithelia, between certain nerve cells, and in smooth and cardiac muscle; it is believed to mediate electrotonic coupling, which allows ionic currents to pass from one cell to another. |
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| definition of a lens; in a microscope objective lens it is calculated by dividing the wavelength of the light used by twice the numeric aperture of the objective. |
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| a complex of nucleic acids and proteins, which condenses to form a chromosome during cell division. In Eukaryotic cells, it’s found within the nucleus whereas in prokaryotic cells, it is found within the nucleoid. Its functions are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis, and to serve as a mechanism to control expression. It is easily recognized through staining. |
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| openings in the nuclear envelope, through which molecules (i.e. nuclear proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm and RNA must pass. |
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| a term used to describe the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell that is full or packed with ribosomes. |
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| a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus. |
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| cylinder shaped cell structure found in most eukaryotes. Composed of groupings of microtubules. Play a role in cell division by assembling the microtubules together |
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| organelle involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, amino acids, phospholipids. Unlike mitochondria have no DNA and only a single membrane |
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| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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| Smooth network without the ribosomes Concerned with lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification |
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| Elongated centriolar structure situated at the base of each cilium (or flagellum) at the apical margin of a cells |
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| A stain used in electron microscopy; binds specifically to nucleic acids, but selectively tends to be abolished by osmium fixation. Proteins are well stained, but cytomembranes are poorly stained |
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| Minute grape shaped secretory portions of the acinus gland that terminate the ducts of the exocrine glands |
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| Extracellular polymeric material (glycoprotein). Most animal epithelial cells have a fuzzy coat called glycocalyx on the external surface of its plasma membrane |
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| Network of actin filaments in the apical end of columnar epithelial cells that anchor in the zonula adherens |
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| entire cell disintegrates to excrete its substance (i.e. sebaceous glands of the skin and nose) |
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| cells excrete their substances by exocytosis (i.e. pancreatic acinar cells) |
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| mode of endocytosis in which small particles are brought into the cell, forming an invagination, and then suspended within small vesicles |
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| Chromatin in its uncondensed form in the nucleus. When chromatin is uncondensed it is capable of being transcribed so cells that show a lot of euchromatin are actively transcribing mRNA |
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| Chromatin in its condensed form. In this form, RNA polymerases do not have access to the DNA strands in order to start transcribing them. Therefore, heterochromatin is present when the nucleus is not transcriptionally active. One way to silence a gene is to move it into the heterochromatin region of a nucleus |
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| a histological term given to the unresolved group of junctional complexes that attach adjacent epithelial cells on their lateral surfaces: the Zonula Occludens (tight junctions), Zonula Adherens, Macula Adherens and Macula Communicans |
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| a molecule (such as comprises detergents or wetting agents) which contains groups with characteristically different properties, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. |
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| a gland with a secretory product that includes an apical portion of the secretory cell (secretion of lipid droplets in lactation). |
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| a special amino acid, derived from four lysine residues, and found only in elastin. It allows elastin to stretch reversibly in all directions |
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| an affinity for silver; silver-loving |
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| natural dye derived from orcinol by treatment with air and ammonia; purple dye complex that is used in various histologic stainings to visualize chromosomes, elastic fibers, Hepatitis B surface antigens, and copper-associated proteins |
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| tapering at both ends; spindle-shaped. |
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| A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single synapse of an axon. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body |
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| dephosphorylates in basic environment |
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| End of bone past epiphyseal plate |
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| primary center of ossification |
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| Secondary center of ossification |
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| Marrow cavity in long bone that holds red and yellow bone marrow. Red/white blood cells. |
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| darker matrix surrounding lacunae |
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| bone cuff that surrounds hyaline bone in endochondrial ossification |
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| units of adhesion that attach basal layer of a cell to the basement membrane |
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| thin layer of loose connective tissue that lies beneath epithelium. Together with epithelium make up mucosa |
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| Layer of extracellular matrix epithelium sits on. Is basement membrane without lamina reticularis. |
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| Transport of cytoplasmic materials, proteins, or organelles to and from the axon |
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| fight parasites, involved in inflammation |
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| release histamine, contain heparin (anticoag), |
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