Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

Densely packed

Frequent cell division

Avascular

Attached to basement membrane

Bone

Cartilage

Fibrous

Blood

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrous

=Areolar CT

A type of fibrous CT, b/t tissues and organs, binds them, collogen and elastin matrix

A type of fibrous CT, thick collagen bundles binding tissues together

2 kinds are:

Regular as in tendons and ligaments

Irregular, can take multidirectional forces

Calcium and phosphurus in the form of

calcium phosphate

The solid stuff in blood plasma. 

3 kinds

RBCs

WBCs

Platelettes

skeletal

smooth

cardiac

=visceral muscle, not voluntary

Contractions are long and weaker, also inherant to the tissue itself.  Contractions are rhythmic.  Lines hollow viscer and blood vessels.

Collagen

Elastic

Reticular fibers

Heart only

Striated with quick/strong contractions (like skeletal) but inherent rhythmic contractions (like smooth).  Uninucleated cells that are branched, looks like big mass; cells connected at intercalculated discs

Microglia

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Ependymal cells

Neuroglia of CNS

engulf foreign stuff

Tight

Gap

Adhesion

=DESMOSOME

membranes don't touch but are help together by filaments attached to membrane protein plaques, e.g. heart and uterus to prevent tearing

exocrine - secrete to outer surface, e.g. mammary, sweat, pancreas

endocrine - ductless internal secretion into blood

Mucous

Serous

Synovial

Menengies

Cutaneous

Pleurae

Pericardium

Peritoneum

Stratified squamous, 5 layers

Deep in epidermis are melanocytes and langerhaus cells

Melanin

Carotene

Hemoglobin

=sweat glands

Are everywhere and originate at the dermis; secrete by exocytosis

Appocrine - open to hair follicle in pubic areas and armpits, start secreting at puberty

Eccrine - open to skin to decrease temp; mostly water with some waste like urea (assists kidneys)

Basal cell carcinoma - 95% cure rate, most common

Squamous cell carcinoma -less common, may spread locally, so may remove lymph also

Melanoma -

1- inflammation and bleeding

2- clotting to decrease blood loss and germ spread

3- Fibroblasts close wound with tissue regeneration

4- basal layer produces faster

5- Fibroblasts produce a scar - collogen for strength - no sensation in a scar

Epidermal layer as think but decreased mitosis

Dermis loses thickness

Dermal papillae are flatter (sagging)

Decreases adipose in hypodermis (colder)

Less collagen

Elastin fibers decrease

Melanocytes decrease, those remaining enlarge

Looser skin

Fewer and more disorganized fibers

Less padding in hypodermis

1. Protection - trauma, UV, germs
2. Regulates water loss
3. Assists urinary system with urea excretion
4. Produced vitimin D for Calcium absorption
5. Sensation - touch, pressure, pain, temp
6. Body temperature regulation - sweat glands, goose bumps

1. Sebum secretion
2. Langerhaus cells
3. Physical barrier

1st - only epidermis, red and some pain

2nd - epidermis and some of dermis, blisters

3rd - dermis/epidermis, kills all accessory organs

4th - to bone, usually death unless very small

• 25% of body 2nd degree
• 10% body 3rd degree
• 4th degree anywhere
• 3rd degree on face, hands or feet

Head and neck - 9%

Thorax - 36%

Each arm - 9%

Each leg - 18%

Groin - 1%

Essay:

Compare the appearance of three types of muscle tissue

• Skeletal muscle tissue is composed of alternating long, cylindrical fibers of actin and myosin protein.  This pattern creates a striated appearance.  Each cell is multinucleated.
• Smooth muscle is not striated, it's spindle-shaped cells have no regular pattern. 
• Cardiac tissue is striated, but it's cells are uninucleated.  Each individual cell is branched and attached to other cells via intercalculated discs, giving the appearance of a large singular mass.  The intercalculated discs contain desmosomes (cells don't touch, adhered with protein plaques) and gap junctions (cells connected via membrane channels). 

Essay:

Compare the three types of fibers found in connective tissue

Collagen -- hard and somewhat flexible, found in vaeious types of CT.

     Fibrous CT

          Loose(areolar) -- some in adipose, e.g.

          Dense

               regular -- parallel bundles like tendons and ligaments

               irregular -- like dermis and joint capsules

     Cartilage

          Hyaline -- fine collagen fibers, e.g. nose, ends of bones, trachea and fetal skeleton

          Elastic -- a little bit of collagen, e.g. ear

          Fibrocartilage -- very strong to absorb shock, e.g. vertebral discs and knee pads

     Bone

          Compact --  very strong to reinforce bone

          Spongy -- arranged in trabeculae

Elastic fibers -- made of elastin protein

     Fibrous CT

          Loose(areolar) very elastic network that can return to size (bladder, e.g.)

     Cartilage

          Elastic cartilage -- outer ear, very flexible

Reticular Fibers -- collagenous, but very delicate fibers, only in lymph tissue.

Essay:

How does skin function to promote bone development and maintainence?

Fibrous

Connective

Tissue

Fibrous Connective tissue

     Dense

          Regular - parallel like tendons and ligaments

          Irregular - irregular like dermis and joint capsules

     Loose

          Areolar - all three fibers between tissues and organs

          Adipose - fibroblasts enlarge with fat in hypodermis, etc.

     Reticular - delicate collogenous only in lymph tissue and liver