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| line from the outer canthus of the eye to the auricular point; also called the radiographic baseline |
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| infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) |
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| line from just below the eye to the auricular point; also called Reids baseline |
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| line from the glabella to the auricular point |
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| acanthiomeatal line (AML) |
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| line from the acanthion to the auricular point |
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Definition
| at what level is the mastoid tip |
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| at what level is the gonion |
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| at what level is the thyroid cartilage |
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| at what level is the vertebral prominence |
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| at what level is 2 inches above the sternal notch ? |
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| what is the level of the manubrial notch and superior margin of the scapula? |
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Definition
| What is the level of the sternal angle? |
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| At what level is the inferior angle of the scapula? |
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Definition
| At what level is the xiphoid tip? |
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Definition
| At what level is the costal margin? |
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Definition
| At what level is the level of the umbilicus? |
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Definition
| At what level is the superior most aspect of the iliac crest ? |
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Definition
| At what level is the ASIS? |
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Definition
| At what level is the pubic symphysis and the greater trochanters? |
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| Short exposure time and high speed imaging receptor |
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Definition
| What two things help control involuntary motion? |
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| 1.cardiac motion 2.peristalsis 3.muscular spasm 4.chills 5.pain |
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Definition
| What are 5 types of involuntary motion? |
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| 1.Belligerence 2.excitement 3.fear 4.nervousness 5.painful discomfort 6.age |
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Definition
| What are 6 types of voluntary motion? |
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| 1.clear communication 2.immobilizing materials |
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Definition
| What are two ways of controlling voluntary motion? |
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| 1.body habitus 2.age 3.pathological conditions 4.imaging conditions |
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Definition
| What are 4 reasons exposure technique may require modification? |
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Definition
| Gonadal shielding is used when the gonads lie how close to the primary beam? |
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Definition
| which body habitus represents 5% of the pooulation? |
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Definition
| which body habitus is the most common? |
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| which body habitus is 50% of the population? |
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Definition
| which body habitus is 35% of the population? |
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| which body habitus has a slender build ? |
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Definition
| which body habitus is 10% of the population? |
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Definition
| which body habitus is the stomach and gallbladder are low, vertical and near the midline? |
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Term
| right hypochondrium - epigastrium - left hypochondrium |
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Definition
| what are the 3 superior body regions? |
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| right lumbar - umbilical - left lumbar |
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Definition
| what are the 3 middle body regions? |
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| right iliac - hypogastrium - left iliac |
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Definition
| what are the 3 inferior body regions? |
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Definition
| what is another name for the planes of the abdomen? |
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| larger rounded projection |
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| very large bony prominence |
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| round process of an articulation bone |
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| enlargement at end of bone |
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Definition
| how many bones is the axial skeleton composed of? |
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| 1.skull 2.hyoid bone 3.vertebral column 4.sternum 5.ribs |
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Definition
| what are the 5 components of of the axial skeleton? |
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Definition
| how many bones is the appendicular skeleton composed of? |
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| 1.upper and lower extremities 2.the 6 auditory ossicles |
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Definition
| what are the components of the appendicular skeleton? |
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| 1.structure 2.composition 3.mobility |
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Definition
| how are articulations classified? |
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Definition
| what is another name for fibrous joints? |
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| fibrous joints (synarthroses) |
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Definition
| what type of joints have no joint cavity or capsule, are generally immovable and the bones surfaces are almost in direct contact? |
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Definition
| what is another name cartilaginous joints? |
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Term
| cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses) |
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Definition
| what type of joint has no joint cavity; contiguous bones united by cartilage and ligaments? |
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Term
| cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses) |
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Definition
| what joint is slightly movable? |
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Term
| intervertebral disks and pubic symphysis |
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Definition
| what are 2 examples of cartilaginous joints? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is another name for synovial joints? |
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Term
| synovial joint (diarthroses) |
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Definition
| Joint thats bones are held together by a fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane and ligaments? |
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Term
| synovial joints (diarthroses) |
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Definition
| what type of joint is freely movable? |
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Term
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Definition
| joint that permits motion in only one plane |
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Definition
| joint that permits rotary movements in which a ring rotates around a central axis |
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Term
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Definition
| what is an example of a hinge joint? |
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Term
| proximal radioulnar articulation |
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Definition
| what is an example of a pivot joint? |
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Term
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Definition
| joint with opposing surfaces are concavo-convex, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction |
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Term
| carpometacarpal joint of the thumb |
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Definition
| what is an example of a saddle joint? |
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Term
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Definition
| joint capable of movement in an infinite number of axes; rounded head of one bone moves in a cuplike cavity of the appoximating base |
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Term
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Definition
| joint articulation of contiguous bones allows only gliding movements? |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of joints are the wrist and ankles? |
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Term
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Definition
| joint that permits movement in two directions at right angles to one another,circumduction occurs, rotation does not |
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Term
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Definition
| example of condyloid joint |
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Term
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Definition
| sacs filled with synovial fluid,located where tendons or muscles slide over underlying parts |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the simplest kind of motion in a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the typical skull |
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Term
| 47 degree angle with the msp |
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Definition
| the petrous ridge forms what angle with the msp in a mesocephalic skull? |
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Term
| 54 degree angle with the msp |
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Definition
| the petrous ridge forms what angle with the msp in a brachycephalic skull? |
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Term
| 40 degree angle with the msp |
|
Definition
| what degree angle are the petrous ridges from the msp in a dolichocephalic type skull? |
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Term
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Definition
| soft spots at birth in which ossification is complete |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases angle formed by the union of two bones |
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Term
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Definition
| increases the angle formed by the union of two bones |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs by moving part of the appendicular skeleton away from the median plane of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs by moving part of the appendicular skeleton toward the median plane of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| circumscribes the conic space of one bone by the other bone |
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Term
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Definition
| turning on an axis without being displaced from the axis |
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Term
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Definition
| endocrine disorder that causes bones to become thick and coarse, they are harder to penetrate |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory disease of the spine and adjacent structures that cause severe pain and fusion of the joints |
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid-filled sacs in fibrous tissue easier to penetrate |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of bursa that causes severe pain, harder to penetrate if calcium has deposited |
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Term
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Definition
| new bony deposit surrounding healing fractures and are harder to penetrate |
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Term
|
Definition
| what is another name for clubfoot |
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Term
|
Definition
| congenital malformation of the foot that causes the foot to turn in at the ankle |
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by malformation of the acetabulum in which the femoral head displaces superiorly and posteriorly |
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Term
|
Definition
| protrusion of an intervertebral disk |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| rheumetoid arthritis variant involving the si joint and spine |
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Term
|
Definition
| thick soft bone marked by bowing and fractures |
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Term
|
Definition
| malignant neoplasm of plasma cells involving the bone marrow and causing destruction of the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| malignant tumor arising from cartliage cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| which bone /portion of the hip bone consists of a body and two rami |
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Term
|
Definition
| how many degrees of body rotation from the supine position are required for an ap oblique projection of the si joints |
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Term
|
Definition
| which parts of the sacrum form the si joint with the ilia of the pelvis |
|
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Term
| 30 - 60 degrees posteriorly |
|
Definition
| reference to the msp how do z joints open in the lumbar v. |
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Term
| 70-75 degreees anteriorly |
|
Definition
| reference to the msp how do z joints open in the thoracic v. |
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Term
|
Definition
| what degree in cspine are z joints open |
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Term
|
Definition
| connects transverse process with spinous process |
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Term
|
Definition
| which are the two great cavities of the torso ? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| in what body cavity is the heart located |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| in what quadrant is the the appendix located? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| excluding small sesamoid and accessory bones in the skull how many bones comprise the skeleton? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| bones are classified according to their what?` |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what bone classification are the vertebra |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what kind of joint is an ellipsoidal joint |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what term refers to a body part on the opposite side of the body |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| how many ip joints are found in one upperlimb? |
|
|
Term
| lateral side of the proximal row |
|
Definition
| where in the wrist is the scaphoid located |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which carpal bone has only one name? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the other name for hamate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is another name for capitate |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what is another name for the trapezium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is another name for the trapezoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where is the trochlear notch located |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how many articulations does the humerus have? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which depression is located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus? |
|
|
Term
| 1in on all sides of the digit including 1 inch proximal to the MCP joint |
|
Definition
| what is the appropriate collimation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which digit produces the greatest OID in a lateral position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where do you center for a lateral 2-5th digit of the hand? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the degree of rotation of a finger in a PA oblique projection? |
|
|
Term
| 1in on all sides of the hand and 1inch proximal to the ulnar styloid |
|
Definition
| what is the appropriate collimated field for the PA projection of the hand |
|
|
Term
| 3rd metacarpophalangeal joint |
|
Definition
| what is the CR for a PA projection if the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how many degrees should a hand be rotated for a PA oblique projection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which position will best demonstrate a foreign body in the hand? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which wrist positioning maneuver opens the carpal interspaces on the lateral side of the wrist? |
|
|
Term
| PA axial (stecher method) |
|
Definition
| which wrist projection requires that the IR be inclined toward the elbow at an angle of 20 degrees from horizontal |
|
|
Term
| 2.5in proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 in on the sides |
|
Definition
| what is the collimation for a PA wrist? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the oblique cardiac series angle of the body for an oblique chest? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for the lungs what is the body rotation of the chest? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant destructive tumor of the bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture partial discontinuity portion of the cortex is intact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture runs at right angle to the long axis of the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture encircles the shaft of the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sphenoid
maxillary
frontal
ethmoid
lacrimal
zygomatic
palantine |
|
Definition
| what 7 bones make up the orbits? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces more than two fragments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes compaction of the bone resulting in decreased length or width |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs as a result of bone disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much of the acetabulum does the pubic bone make up? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much of the acetabulum does the ischium make up? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incomplete fracture with the cortex intact on opposite side of the bone from the fracture? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture occurs when stress applied to the bone causes the bone to bow but not fracture completely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture with lack of angulation or seperation |
|
|
Term
| double gliding freely moveable |
|
Definition
| what kind of joint is the AC joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what kind of joint is the AC joint |
|
|
Term
| 15 - 30 degree cr through the axillary to the articulation of the AC joint in a horizontal beam |
|
Definition
| for the inferosuperior glenohumeral joint projection lawrence method what is the CR angle and direction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture with separation of bone fragments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is anther name for condyloid joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partial loss of continuity in a joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple fractures at various stages of healing located in the long bones and the skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse fracture through the distal radius with posterior angulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture at base of 1st metacarpal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impacted fracture with bulging of the periosteum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse fracture of the neck of the 5th metacarpal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shows dislocation of elbox fat pads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture of medial and lateral malleoli of the ankle with ankle joint dislocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture of both medial and lateral malleoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture of the posterior portion of the tibia and medial and lateral malleoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comminuted fracture of the atlas involving both anterior and posterior arches and displacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by acute hyperextension of the head on the neck characterized by fracture of the arch of C2 and anterior subluxation of c2 onto c3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain (harder to penetrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign or malignant tumor arising on bone with large bubble like appearance (easier to penetrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metabolic disorder in which urate crystals are deposited in the joints most commonly the great and cause of extreme swelling (harder to penetrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignancy of plasma cells resulting in destruction of bone failure of bone marrow and failure of renal function (easier to penetrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of arthritis charaterized by the degeneration of one of more joints (easier to penetrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense sclerotoiic tumors in bone (harder to penetrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign projection of bone in the young (harder to penetrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destructive cancer at the end of long bones (easier to penetrate except for sclerotic areas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign small round tumor of bone (harder to penetrate) |
|
|
Term
| 1/2 in below patellar apex |
|
Definition
| what is the cr for any ap knee projection |
|
|
Term
| 1in distal to the medial epicondyle |
|
Definition
| what is the cr entrance point on a lateral knee projection |
|
|
Term
| 20 - 30 degree flexion of the knee |
|
Definition
| what is the degree of flexion for the knee in a lateral knee projection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the cr angle for a settegast (tangential patella ) projection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the cr angle for a merchant (tangential patella) projection |
|
|
Term
30-90 degree flexion of the knee
preferred is 40 degrees |
|
Definition
| what is the range of flexion for a merchant (tangential patella projection)n and what is preferred knee flexion angle |
|
|
Term
| 30 degree caudad angle if preferred flexion is obtained |
|
Definition
| what is the cr angle on a merchant (tangential patella ) if the patient flexes the knee at the preffered 40 degree angle |
|
|
Term
| 50 - 60 degree knee flexion |
|
Definition
| what is the knee flexion range for a hugheston (tangential patella and patella femoral joint) projection |
|
|
Term
| directed through the patellofemoral joint |
|
Definition
| what is the cr entrance point for the hugheston method |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the cr angle for the hugheston method of the patellofemoral joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the knee flexion for the beclere (AP intercondylar fossa) |
|
|
Term
| they are both PA projectionms |
|
Definition
| what is similar between the camp coventry and the homblad method ? |
|
|
Term
40 degree knee flexion 40 degree cr
50 degree knee flexion 50 degree cr |
|
Definition
| what is the knee flexion and the coinsiding cr angle for the camp coventry (intercondylar fossa) projection |
|
|
Term
| camp coventry and the homblad |
|
Definition
| what views are also referred to as a tunnel views |
|
|
Term
| 20 degree difference from the 70 degree knee flexionm |
|
Definition
| what is the difference of cr angle with the homblad knee flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the knee flexion for the homblad method of the intercondylar fossa |
|
|
Term
| 15 degrees cephalad (toward the heel) |
|
Definition
| how many degrees and what direction is the cr for an ap axial projection of the toes |
|
|
Term
| the ap oblique medial rotation projection of the foot |
|
Definition
| what projection of the foot best demonstrates the sinus tarsi |
|
|
Term
| msp at the level of iliac crest (L4) |
|
Definition
| where do you center for an ap projection of the lumbo-sacral spine |
|
|
Term
| msp 1 1/2 inches superior to the iliac crest (L3) |
|
Definition
| where do you center for an ap projection of the lumbar spine only |
|
|
Term
| 1 1/2 inches above the elevated crest and 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS |
|
Definition
| where do you center for an ap oblique projection of the Lspine only |
|
|
Term
| 1 inch superior to the pubic symphisys |
|
Definition
| what is the cr for the modified cleaves method of the femoral neck |
|
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Term
| parallel with the femoral shafts ranges from 25-45 degrees |
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Definition
| what is the cr angle and entrance point for the original cleaves method |
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Term
| 2 1/2 in distal to a line drawn perpenmdicular to the midpoint of a line between the ASIS and the pubic symphyis |
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Definition
| what is the cr entrance point for an AP hip projection? |
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Term
| perpendicular to image receptor entering 3 inches posterior to median coronal plane at level of asis |
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Definition
| what is the cr enterance and angle for a lateral sacrum |
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