Term
|
Definition
| Standing erect, feet flat on the ground, arms at one's side, palms facing forward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The scientific study of the structure of an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The scientific study of the function of an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| towards the middle of one's body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On the outside (skin layer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On the inside (beneath the skin layer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closer to the origin of a structure or root of a limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| farther from the origin of a structure or the root of a limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Horizontal plane, sometimes known as the "cross-sectional" plane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Divides the body into left and right portions. |
|
|
Term
| Level of organization in the human body |
|
Definition
| Atoms/ molecules, Subcellular Structures, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and physically separates the intracellular components from the extracellular environment... similar to human skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains the organelles of the cell. Inside the cellular membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avascular. Lines body cavities and organs. One side of the cell is touching/facing air or fluid. Sits on a basement membrane! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
Definition
| Sythesizes Lipids and steriods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Folds proteins. Processes and packages proteins made by the ER. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All connective tissues contain cells which are suspended or surrounded by an extracellular matrix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain digestive enzymes which consume worn out or multiple organelles, viruses, and bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains enzymes that rid the cells of harmful peroxides. Consumes fatty acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powerhouse of the cell. Produces ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains genetic information (DNA). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide Rigid support and protection. Aids in movement, site of blood cell formation (hemopoiesis), storage for chemical salts (calcium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One layer flat cells. Found in the aveoli of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Composed of one layered cube-shaped cells.
Found in the walls of kidney tubules, ducts of glands, lining of your ovaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One layered column shaped cells (tall and skinny) Lines the gut from stomach to rectum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Numerous layers of flattened cells. Makes up the epidermal layer of the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made of glandular cells that produce material. |
|
|
Term
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
|
Definition
| Single layer of tall and short cells appearing at two levels, but in reality all at basal surface. Tallest cells contain cilia. found in the Lining of the respiratory tract. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stratified epithiliem lining the stretchable organs such as the urinary bladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capable of secreting a specific substance. Creates an invagination from the surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single layer of cells resting on a basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more layers with deepest layer resting on a basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sorts proteins synthesized by the ribosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that appear to be in multiple layers, but in fact, they all lie on the basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AKA ducted glands.
These glands are connected to the epithileal surface by a duct. Have 2 regions. Example: Sweat Glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lined with ductal cells that channel secreted materials. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuous, no evidence of branching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| displays some degree of branching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AKA ductless glands.
Glandular cells have no connection to epithelial surface. Products are secreted directly into the blood. Example: Thyroid gland. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes loose (areolar), fat, dense regular, dense irregular |
|
|
Term
| fluid type connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| supporting connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compact Bone, Spongey Bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fat Tissue (adipose), areolar tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dense Regular, Dense Irregular, elastic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Holds or fastens structures together and provides flexible or inflexible rigid support. Various cell types are suspended in an extracellular matrix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| makes collagen, elastic and reticular fibers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stem cells still capable of differentiating into specialized cell types. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pigment cells. Melanin Cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain histamine, and stimulate inflammation upon tissue injury. (Goose egg) |
|
|
Term
| extracellular matrix (ECM) |
|
Definition
| formed from cells in the connective tissue, and is composed of fibers, such as collagen and elastic, and a ground substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue fluid composed of proteins and polysaccharides. The fluid type determines the consistency of the ground substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loosely woven tissue that fills spaces between organs. cells are suspended in a "syrupy" ground substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
composed of adipocytes.
white fat- pale yellow appearance, not very vascularized.
Brown Fat- Very vazcularized tissue used for HEAT PRODUCTION via neural stimulation. |
|
|
Term
| dense regular connective tissue |
|
Definition
| densely packed collagen fibers all in a parallel arrangement providing strength along orientation of fibers. EX: Tendons, ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dense irregular connective tissue |
|
Definition
| densely packed collagen fibers randomly located providing strength in all directions. EX: Dermal layer of skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
densely packed regular array of elastic tissues.
EX: Wall of the blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chondrocytes lie in a dense matrix called a lacunae. Avascular. rigid and stiff.
EX: Nasal Cartilage. Joint cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chondrocytes lie in lacunae.
Extracellular matirx composed of thick, wavy, bundles of collagen fibers.
EX: Meniscus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chondrocytes lie in lacunae. Extracellular matrix has less densely packed collagen fibers and a higher abundance of elastic fibers for increased flexibility. EX: Outer Ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide rigid support and protection, and aid in movement. Also the site of hematopoesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mature cells in spaces (lacunae) in the matrix. Develop from osteoblasts that have become surrounded by the matrix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that produce fibers and ground substance. Found on the surface of any developing bone area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells capable of degrading and reabsorbing matrix. found on the surface of bone area being reabsorbed. |
|
|
Term
| bone matrix is made up of |
|
Definition
| mineral salts (Calcium phosphate etc.) and collagen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compact (dense) bone
and Spongey Bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the marrow is kept. synthesizes red and white blood cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fnctional unit of the haversian system. In bones. surrounds the central canal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inside of long bones and forms the marrow cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skeletal, smooth, and cardiac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, striated and involuntary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, non striated, and involuntary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large muscle, striated, and voluntary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple nuclei. unicellular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(CNS)
Consists of the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ANS
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of dendrite, soma, and axon. Brain cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support functions of the neurons and the nervous system. Nerve glue. Feeds neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cutaneous membrane (skin)- epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
Accessory structures- Hair, nails, multicellular exocrine |
|
|
Term
| Protective Functions of the subcutaneous tissue: |
|
Definition
| Protection from UV rays, prevents loss of body fluids, inhibits the invasion bacteria, |
|
|
Term
| Excretive functions of Skin |
|
Definition
| sweat glands allow for perspiration and loss of water, salt and urea. Thermal regulation, storage of nutrients, synthesis of vitamin D. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| detects pressure/light touch in dermal papilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| detects deep pressure in reticular layer of dermis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithilium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain stem cells. contains melanocytes. unique pattern of epidermal ridges formed from underlying dermal papilla (FINGERPRINTS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spiney shaped cells derived from the division of stem cells. Langerhans cells= macrophage type immune cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| production of keratin and keratohyalin granules occur, eventually killing the cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glassy layer of flattened cells seen in the thick skin of the palms and soles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tightly packed dead karatinocytes full of keratin. Takes 2 weeks for these cells to shed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| papillary layer and reticular layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dermal papilla that project into epidermal ridges. contains blood vessels and nerves that supply surface of skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of dense irregular connective tissue. Bundles of collagen fibers extend into the reticular layer and subcutaneous layer. all other cells of connective tissue proper also located here. effects of aging, uv rays and hormones reduce the amount of elastin causing wrinkles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypodermis. consists of loose tissue and adipose tissue and ontains large arteries and veins. Hypodermic needles used for shots. |
|
|
Term
| accessory epidermal derivatives |
|
Definition
| hair, nails, and exocrine glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exterior, hard layer of the hair. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| make goosebumps possible. Make your hair stand up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| releases oil in the hair. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abundant in armpits
secretes sticky, odorous secretion into the hair follicles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common sweat glands, widely distributed throughout the skins surface.
releases electrolytes and water onto the skins surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| simple coiled tubular glands |
|
Definition
| merocrine sweat glands AKA common sweat glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
