Term
Which is the correct flow of genetic information in the cell?
a. RNA --> translation --> DNA --> transcription --> Protein
b. RNA --> transcription --> DNA --> translation --> Protein
c. DNA --> transcription --> RNA --> translation --> Protein
d. DNA --> translation --> RNA --> transcription --> Protein
e. RNA --> transcription --> Protein --> translation --> DNA |
|
Definition
| c. DNA --> transcription --> RNA --> translation --> Protein |
|
|
Term
The nucleotide sequence of one DNA strand of a DNA double helix is: 5' - GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA - 3'. The complementary strand is?
a. 3' - TGATTGTGGACAAAAATCC - 5'
b. 5' - TGATTGTGGACAAAAATCC - 3'
c. 5' - CCTAAAAACAGGTGTTAGT - 3'
d. 3' - GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA - 5'
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
| b. 5' - TGATTGTGGACAAAAATCC - 3' |
|
|
Term
Assume the following DNA sequences are bound to their complementary strands, which of the following DNA sequences would you expect to require the lowest temperature to break the two strands apart?
a. 5' - GATCCAGA - 3'
b. 5' - GATCCAAA - 3'
c. 5' - GATAAAGA - 3'
d. 5' - GATCCAGG - 3'
e. The strands are the same length and thus require the same temperature to break apart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The polarity in a DNA strand is indicated by referring to one end as the 5' end and the other as the 3' end. Which chemical moiety is located on the 3' end?
a. Amine group
b. Carboxyl group
c. Phosphate group
d. Hydroxyl group
e. The moiety depends on the direction of the DNA strand is being read |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A gene is a segment of DNA that ultimately codes for a protein or a set of related proteins. Alternatively, some genes code for RNA molecules as their final product.
a. True
b. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does the term genome refer to?
a. All of the proteins expressed in an organism
b. The complete set of information in the DNA of an organism
c. The set of genes turned on in an organism, tissue, or cell
d. The observable character of a cell or organism
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
| b. The complete set of information in the DNA of an |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding chromosomes?
a. Eukaryotic DNA is made up of linear, double-stranded DNA
b. Bacteria typically carry their genes on a single, circular DNA molecule
c. Sex chromosomes are non-homologous chromosomes with the Y chromosome maternally inherited and the X chromosome paternally inherited
d. Abnormal chromosomes are associated with some genetic defects
e. All of the above are true |
|
Definition
| c. Sex chromosomes are non-homologous chromosomes with the Y chromosome maternally inherited and the X chromosome paternally inherited |
|
|
Term
The structures that cap the ends of eucaryotic chromosomes are called ____________, and the structure that allows each duplicated eucaryotic chromosome to be pulled into a daughter cell is called a ________________.
a. Centromeres; telomere
b. Telomeres; centromere
c. Mitotic spindles; telomere
d. Centromeres; mitotic spindle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A cell can change its pattern of gene expression by:
a. Histone tail modification
b. Remodeling the chromatin
c. Condensing the chromatin into heterochromatin
d. Replicating the DNA yielding two identical copies
e. A, B, and C
f. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a cell with decreased levels of histone deacetylases (the enzyme responsible for removing acetyl groups from histones), we would expect, compared to cells having normal levels of histone deacetylases:
a. Increased histone acetylation
b. Altered gene expression
c. Altered chromatin structure
d. A and B
e. A, B and C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Consider the process that a cell uses to replicate its double-stranded DNA to make copies for daughter cells. Which statement describes the DNA in daughter cells?
a. The double helix in one daughter cell consists of two strands that were originally in the parent cell, while the double helix in the other daughter cell consists of two newly made strands.
b. The two strands of the double helices in both daughter cells consist of segments of new and paternal DNA
c. The double helices in each daughter cell consist of one paternal strand and one newly made strand
d. The two strands of the double hilices in both daughter cells consist of segments that where originally in the parent cell |
|
Definition
| c. The double helices in each daughter cell consist of one paternal strand and one newly made strand |
|
|
Term
DNA synthesis begins at:
a. The telomeres
b. The centromere
c. The replication origins
d. The CpG islands |
|
Definition
| c. The replication origins |
|
|
Term
At the leading strand the DNA is synthesized ______________, and at the lagging strand the DNA is synthesized ____________.
a. Continuously; continuously
b. Continuously; discontinuously
c. Discontinuously; discontinuously
d. Discontinuously; continuously
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
| b. Continuously; discontinuously |
|
|
Term
Replication origins typically consist of a small stretch of DNA that is relatively easy to open. Which statement is true?
a. Replication origins are rich in A and T nucleotides
b. Replication origins are rich in G and C nucleotides
c. Replication origins have equal numbers of A, C, G and T nucleotides |
|
Definition
| a. Replication origins are rich in A and T nucleotides |
|
|
Term
DNA is synthesized in the ____________, and DNA is proofread in the ____________.
a. 5' to 3' direction; 3' to 5' direction
b. 5' to 3' direction; 5' to 3' direction
c. 3' to 5' direction; 3' to 5' direction
d. 3' to 5' direction; 5' to 3' direction |
|
Definition
| a. 5' to 3' direction; 3' to 5' direction |
|
|
Term
Most cancers arise from cells that have accumulated only a single mutation.
a. True
b. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How does ultraviolet radiation in sunlight typically damage DNA?
a. It breaks hydrogen bonds between the two strands of DNA
b. It removes bases from nucleotides in DNA
c. It promotes covalent linkage between two adjacent pyrimidine bases
d. It promotes covalent linkage between two adjacent purine bases |
|
Definition
| c. It promotes covalent linkage between two adjacent pyrimidine bases |
|
|
Term
Nearly half of the human genome is made up of copies of various mobile genetic elements.
a. True
b. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Homologous recombination takes place only between two DNA molecules with an identical sequence.
a. True
b. False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Retroviruses like HIV:
a. Must copy their RNA genomes into DNA to replicate
b. Must copy their DNA genomes into RNA to replicate
c. Must copy the host's genome to replicate
d. Contain no genes of their own |
|
Definition
| a. Must copy their RNA genomes into DNA to replicate |
|
|
