The human body consists of greater than 60% hydrogen atoms both as a total percentage of all atoms and also by mass.

A. True

B. False-hydrogen does NOT make up greater than 605 of all atoms

C. False-hydrogen does NOT make up greater than 60% by mass

D. False-hydrogen does NOT make up greater than 60% by mass or by count

C. False-hydrogen does NOT make up greater than 60% by mass

Bond length is directly proportional to bond strength (i.e. a longer bond has a higher energy)

A. True

B. False

B. False

Put the following bond types in order of increasing strength (i.e. starting with weakest bond and ending with strongest)

-Covalent

-Hydrogen

-van der Waals

-Ionic

van der Waals-Hydrogen-Ionic-Covalent

At room temperature, corn oils are fluid while butter and lard are solid.  This is due to:

A. Corn oils are from plants while butter and lard are from animals

B. Fatty acids in butter/lard form bilayers while fatty acids in corn oil form micelles

C. Corn oils contain a larger number of saturated fatty acids

D. Butter/lard contain a larger number of saturated fatty acids

E. None of the above

D. Butter/lard contain a larger number of saturated fatty acids

Which is NOT true regarding disaccharides?

A. Are the simplest polysaccharides

B. Include maltose, lactose, and sucrose

C. Have general chemical formula (CH₂O)_n

D. Are formed via a condensation reaction of two monosaccharides

E. All of the above are true

C. Have general chemical formula (CH₂O)_n

The difference between a DNA nucleotide and a RNA nucleotide:

A. Is in the sugar ring

B. Is in the pyrimidine compounds

C. Is in the purine compounds

D. Is in the phosphate group

E. A & B

F. A & C

E. A & B

On which end of a DNA molecule, a chain of average length, is the phosphate group located?

A. On the 5' end

B. On the 3' end

C. On both the 5' and 3' ends

D. On neither the 5' or 3' ends

E. None of the above, DNA ends are label N and C

A. On the 5' end

In an amino acid, which of the following is covalently linked to the alpha carbon?

A. The amino group (-NH₂)

B. The carboxyl group (-COOH)

C. The side chain group (-R)

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

D. All of the above

Disulfide bonds can form between two____ side chains.

A. Methionine

B. Isoleucine

C. Tyrosine

D. Cysteine

E. Glutamic acid

D. Cysteine

How do protein, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide molecules polymerize (grow)?

A. By condensation reactions

B. By hydrolysis reactions

C. By oxidation reactions

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

A. By condensation reactions

Which type of bond makes it possible for a macromolecule to interact with great specificity with just one out of the many thousands of different molecules present inside a cell?

A. Covalent bonds

B. Noncovalent bonds

C. Hydrogen bonds

D. Ionic bonds

B. Noncovalent bonds

The measure of disorder in a system is called ______.

A. Free energy

B. Oxidation

C. Entropy

D. Enthalpy

E. None of the above

C. Entropy

Which of the following is NOT true regarding oxidation?

A. Oxidation refers to the addition of electrons

B. Oxidation and reduction, the converse reatction, always occur simultaneously

C. Cellular respiration involves the oxidation of carbon and hydrogen atoms to produce CO₂ and H₂0 respectively.

D. As an orgainc molecule, such as methane, is being oxidized, the number of C-H bonds decreases

E. Oxidation of NADPH, an important carrier of electrons, results in NADP⁺

F. All of the above are true

A. Oxidation refers to the addition of electrons

Proteins called ____ lower the activation energy of a biological reaction, the result is that _____.

A. Substrates; the reaction proceeds with a lower overall free energy

B. Enzymes; the reaction proceeds with a lower overall free energy

C. Substrates; the reaction is more likely to proceed, but the overall free energy does NOT change

D. Enzymes; the reaction is more likely to proceed, but the overall free energy does NOT change

E. None of the above

D. Enzymes; the reaction is more likely to proceed, but the overall free energy does NOT change

Suppose for a simple reaction Y-->X that DG^o = 5 kcal/mol and [Y] = 1 mol and [X] = e¹⁰ mol. What is the approximate free energy change, DG for the reaction?

{DG = DG^o + .6 * ln (K)} 

A. DG = 5e¹⁰ kcal/mol

B. DG  = -5.6 kcal/mol

C. DG = 5.6 kcal/mol

D. DG = 11 kcal/mol

E. None of the above

F. Not enough information to calculate DG

D. DG = 11 kcal/mol

The DG^o of the hydrolysis reaction of ATP is -7.3 kcal/mol, but in a cell the actual DG is much more ___, because ____.

A. Positive, ATP is much higher in concentration than the products ADP and P_i.

B. Positive, ATP is much higher in concentration than the products ADP and P_i.

C. Negative, ATP is much higher in concentration than the products ADP and P_i.

D. Negative, ATP is much lower in concentration than the products ADP and P_i.

C. Negative, ATP is much higher in concentration than the products ADP and P_i.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Vmax is the same for Reaction X and Reaction Y B. Km is greater for Reaction X than for Reaction Y C. The equation for the left plot is: V=(Vmax*[S])/(Km+[S]) D. Reaction 1 goes with Reaction Y while Reaction 2 corresponds to Reaction X E. All of the above are true

[image]

B. K_m is greater for Reaction X than for Reaction Y

Which of the statements is NOT true?

A. NADPH is an activated carrier molecule that is usually used in biosynthetic reactions to build energy-rich molecules.

B. NADPH is an activated carrier molecule that is used primarily by plants.

C. NADH is an activated carrier molecule that is usually used in oxidation reactions to produce ATP.

D. NADH carries an extra proton and two high-energy electrons.

E. All of the above are true.

B. NADPH is an activated carrier molecule that is used primarily by plants

Synthesis of macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, polysaccharides and proteins requires an input of energy, often driven by energy from nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis.

A. True

B. False

A. True

If the two reactions, Reaction 1 and 2, represent the same reaction with and without a competitive inhibitor, and the same is true for Reactions X and Y, which of the two reactions on each plot would be the one that contains the inhibitor?

A. Reaction 1 and Reaction Y contain the inhibitor

B. Reaction 1 and Reaction X contain the inhibitor

C. Reaction 2 and Reaction Y contain the inhibitor

D. Reaction 2 and Reaction X contain the inhibitor

[image]

A. Reaction 1 and Reaction Y contain the inhibitor