Term
| What is the funtion of vitamin A |
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Definition
| Has a role in immunity along with Retinoc Acid, Retinol,Retinal, and Beta Carotine. |
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Term
| What is the funtion of Retinoic Acid? |
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Definition
| it is a hormone that has a role in gene expression , regulates cell differentiation, maintain integrity of epiphelial cells |
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Term
| What is the funtion of Retinol? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Retinal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the funtion of Beta-ceratin? |
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Definition
| Antioxidant, protects other compound from attacts from O2(free radicals can form from oxidination |
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Term
| What would happen if you have a vitamina A dificency? |
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Definition
Hardening of cornea
Rough, scaly, hard skin
Drying & hardening of salivary glands
Lumps of keratin around hair follicles
Decreased immunity
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Term
| What would happen if I overdose with vitamin A? |
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Definition
| Dicrease Bone mineral density , liver obnormalities, birth defects, toxicity come from animal -derived food, osteoperosis , carotinimia |
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Term
| What is the sourse of vitamin A? |
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Definition
Carrots, apricot,sweet potatos, pumpkin,mango,cantalope, spinach,brokali
Preformed vitamin A found only in animal foods Richest sources Liver Fish oil
Other foods: Milk Cheese Fortified cereals Butter Eggs
Margarine & fat-free milk are fortified with vitamin A |
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Term
| What is the funtion of vitamin D? |
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Definition
Vitamin D targets intestine, kidneys, bones, brain, pancreas, skin, reproductive organs, cancer cells, Role in immunity
In bones makes Ca,
Ca and Ph stimulate obsorbtion from GI tract.
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Term
| Where the vitamin D release from? |
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Definition
| Release from bones to blood, stimulate retention by kidneys |
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Term
| What would happen with deficiency vitamin D? |
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Definition
| Rickets, osteomelasia , osteoperosis, high BP, arthritis |
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Term
| what can happen if you overdose with vitamin D? |
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Definition
| Ca imbalance, increase Ca in blood, kidney stones, harden in Blood vessels, MOST TOXIC. |
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Term
| Which vitamin is most toxic when is overdose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the source of Vitamin D? |
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Definition
Animal products Eggs Liver Butter Some fish Fortified milk Fortified margarine & breakfast cereals Fortified infant formulas
Breast milk is low in vitamin D May need supplements Cheese & yogurt are not fortified Vegans may need supplements |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does vitamin D synthesize? |
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Definition
•Can be synthesized with help of sunlight
1. Liver manufactures a precursor that migrates to skin
2. Sun’s rays convert to second precursor
3. Liver & kidneys produce active vitamin D
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Term
| What is the function Ca and Phosphorus ? |
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Definition
| Calcium & phosphorus Stimulates absorption from GI tract Releases from bones to blood Stimulates retention by the kidneys |
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Term
| What can cause toxicity of vitamin D? |
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Definition
Enhances calcium absorption Produces high blood calcium Promotes return of bone calcium into the blood
Forms stones (kidney) May harden blood vessels Most toxic of all vitamins |
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Term
| What can of food have vitamin D? |
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Definition
Animal products Eggs Liver Butter Some fish Fortified milk Fortified margarine & breakfast cereals Fortified infant formulas.
Breast milk is low in vitamin D May need supplements Cheese & yogurt are not fortified Vegans may need supplements |
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Term
| What is the funtion of vitamin E? |
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Definition
| Protects PUFA & other lipids from oxidation Protects lungs May offer protection from heart disease |
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Term
| What are the myths about vitamin E? |
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Definition
| Improve athletic skill Enhance sexual performance Cure sexual dysfunction in males Prevent or cure muscular dystrophy Slow the aging process |
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Term
| What can happen with vitamin E deficency? |
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Definition
| Erythrocyte hemolysis, Loss of muscle coordination & reflexes Associated with Diseases causing fat malabsorption |
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Term
| What can happen with vitamin E toxicity? |
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Definition
| Interfere with blood-clotting action of vitamin K Enhance anticoagulant medications Research results are conflicting as to supplement safety, hemorage |
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Term
| hat kind of food has vitamin E in it ? |
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Definition
| 20% from vegetable oils 20% from fruits & vegetables 15% from fortified cereals & other grains |
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Term
| what is the function of vitamin K? |
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Definition
| Blood clotting Synthesis of several bone proteins Can be synthesized by bacteria in intestine
Vitamin K for newborns Have a sterile digestive tract Single dose of vitamin K recommended at birth |
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Term
| what kind of food has vitamin K ? |
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Definition
| Members of cabbage family Liver Milk Eggs |
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Term
| can u least type of vitamin B? |
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Definition
| Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic acid Biotin B6 Folate B12 |
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Term
| What are the functons of water soluble coenzymes? |
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Definition
| Easily absorbed Easily excreted Supplements can reach toxic levels |
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Term
| How do vitamins B fuctions? |
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Definition
| B vitamins are coenzymes Combine with an enzyme to make it active |
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Term
What do coenzymes like
Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic acid Biotin do? |
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Definition
| Release energy from fat, protein & carbohydrate |
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Term
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Definition
| Assist enzymes to metobolized Amino Acid |
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Term
| what do vitamin B12 and folate coenzymes do? |
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Definition
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Term
| How call the deficency of thiamin ? |
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Definition
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Term
| How call deficency of niacin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happen if you are dificient of vitamin B? |
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Definition
| Diarea , dimenthia, dermitis , death!!!! |
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Term
| What kind of vitamin do nerves and muscles depends on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of vitamin do Blood cells of GI tract cells depend on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between Enrichment of foods and fortification of food? |
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Definition
Enrichment of food is adding nutrients to food to meet spesific standards.
Where fortification is adding nutrient to food that were not in there. |
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Term
| What is the function of Thiamin ? |
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Definition
| Critical in metobolism and nerve muscle funtion |
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Term
| What will happen for deficency of Thiamin? |
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Definition
| Diet of empty kcalories, sugar or alcohol Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome symptoms: disorientation, loss of short-term memory, jerky eye movements, and staggering gait |
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Term
| what kind of food has Thiamin in there? |
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Definition
| Whole grain bread and cereal, pork- most common |
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Term
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Definition
| Facilitates energy production Needs increase during periods of rapid growth Is light sensitive & heat stable |
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Term
| in what kind of food can u find reboflavin? |
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Definition
| Milk & milk products Green vegetables Meats & eggs |
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Term
| what is the funtion of Niacin? |
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Definition
| Role in energy metabolism Fairly heat resistant Can be used as a medication to lower blood cholesterol Body can make it from tryptophan |
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Term
| what kind of food has niacin in it? |
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Definition
| Meat, poultry, & fish Enriched breads & cereals Green leafy vegetables, mushrooms, asparagus |
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Term
| what is the function of Pantothenic Acid? |
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Definition
| Important in energy metabolism Stimulates growth Widespread in foods |
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Term
| What is the function of Biotin? |
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Definition
| Important in energy metabolism Is a coenzyme that carries carbon dioxide Participates in gene expression & cell signaling |
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Term
| what can lead to deficency of Biotin? |
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Definition
| Alcohol abuse Long-term use of anticonvulsant medication |
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Term
| Where do vitamin B6 stores? |
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Definition
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Term
| what can happen with deficency of vitamin B6? |
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Definition
| Weakening immune response Weakness, irritability, & insomnia Greasy, flaky dermatitis; anemia; convulsions |
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Term
| what can happen with overdose (toxisity ) of vitamin B? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the role of vitamin B6? |
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Definition
| Protein & amino acid metabolism Conversion of tryptophan to niacin Synthesis of hemoglobin & neurotransmitters Helps regulate blood glucose Aids immune function, cognitive performance, & hormone response May be related to cardiovascular disease risk |
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Term
| what kind of food can u find vittamin B6? |
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Definition
| brocli, banana, watermelon, cantelope , tomato juice |
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Term
| what is the function of Folate? |
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Definition
Heart disease: key role of folate is to break down homocysteine; without folate; homocysteine builds up & enhances blood clot formation.
Active in cell division Increased need during times of growth |
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Term
| what can happen if person is deficent of Folate? |
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Definition
Gi tract deterioation.
Spinal bifida, anencephaly
Anemia (large-cell type) Smooth, red tongue Mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache |
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Term
| what can cause deficency of Folate? |
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Definition
| Alcohol Impairs absorption Increases excretion Drugs Aspirin, oral contraception, & anticonvulsants Impair folate status Smoking exerts a negative effect |
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Term
| What happen with overdose of Folate? |
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Definition
| Masks vitamin B12-deficiency symptoms |
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Term
| What are some sourse of Folate? |
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Definition
| Liver. legumes, beets , grin vegies, cantalope, orange, frotified grains. |
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Term
| what are the relationshisp btwn Folate, B12 , and cell division? |
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Definition
| B12 needed to activate folate Assists folate in cell division Deficiency of folate or B12 produces anemia |
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Term
| what does vitamin b12 do in NS? |
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Definition
| Folate masks B12 deficiency Causes nerve deterioration, leading to paralysis & permanent nerve damage |
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Term
| what happens with deficency of vitamin B12? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of vitamin C in colagen formation? |
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Definition
| Collagen formation Matrix of the bones Material of scars “Glue” that attaches one cell to another |
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Term
| what is the function of vitamin C as a antioxidant? |
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Definition
| Antioxidant Protects water-soluble substances from oxidation Enhances iron absorption Amino acid metabolism |
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Term
| what are some functions of vitamin C? |
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Definition
| Possible antihistamine May reduce severity & duration of cold & allergy symptoms Cancer prevention & treatment is being researched Role of Stress Vitamin C needs increase |
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Term
| what can happen if u deficent of vitamin C? |
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Definition
Latent scurvy Gums bleed Pinpoint hemorrhages in skin Once diagnosed, scurvy is readily reversible 100 mg/day
Overt scurvy Muscles including heart may degenerate Skin becomes rough, brown, scaly, & dry Wounds fail to heal Fractures occur Teeth become loose Anemia & infections |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of overdose of vitamin C? |
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Definition
| Nausea Abdominal cramps Diarrhea Interference with warfarin Iron overload |
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Term
| what are the safe limits of vitamin C? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the recomended intake of vitamin C in F and M? |
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Definition
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Term
| who will especially need vitamin C? |
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Definition
| Infections, burns, surgery, extreme temperatures Aspirin, barbiturates, oral contraceptives, smoking |
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Term
| What does vitamin C do to iron absorbtion? |
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Definition
| Iron absorption can double or triple if eaten with vitamin C-containing foods Highly recommended for women & children |
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