Term
| Fracture of the hyoid bone occurs in people who are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fracture of the hyoid results in inability to move hyoid under ____ and makes swallowing and separation of _____ difficult and may result in _____ |
|
Definition
Tongue
separation of the alimentary and respiratory tracts
aspiration pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Paralysis of the platysma results from injury to the ____ branch of the ____ nerve. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If infection occurs between the investing layer of deep cervical fascia and the muscular part of the _____ fascia surrounding the infrahyoid muscles, the infection will _____ |
|
Definition
Pretracheal Fascia
not spread beyond manubrium |
|
|
Term
| If infection occurs between the investing fascia and the visceral part of the pretracheal fascia, the infection will _____- |
|
Definition
| Spread into thoracic cavity anterior to pericardium |
|
|
Term
| Torticollis is a ____ of the cervical muscles that produces the _____ of the neck and ____ of the head |
|
Definition
shortening
twisting
slanting |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of Torticollis is _____ and results from a _____ that develops in the SCM sometime near birth. |
|
Definition
Wry Neck
Fibrous Tissue Tumor |
|
|
Term
| In wry neck as with any normal unilateral SCM contraction, causes the head to ____ & ____. |
|
Definition
| To tilt toward & the face to turn away from the affected side |
|
|
Term
| With a prenatal with Wry Neck (common type of Torticollis) the ____ may be damaged during birth and can result in a hematoma that entraps the _____ nerve and thus deneravtes part of the ____. |
|
Definition
SCM
Spinal Accessory Nerve
SCM |
|
|
Term
| Cervical Dystonia is abnormal _______ |
|
Definition
| tonicity of the cervical muscles |
|
|
Term
| Cervical Dystonia aka ______, usually begins when? |
|
Definition
Spasmodic Torticollis
Adulthood |
|
|
Term
| Cervical Dystonia may involve any ____ combination of the lateral neck muscles, especially the ___ & ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ Vein is he often the point fo entry to the venous system for central line placement, such as a _____ catheter. |
|
Definition
R or L Subclavian Vein
Swan-Ganz catheter |
|
|
Term
| Central lines are inserted to administer ____ & _____. |
|
Definition
| Prenatal fluids and medications |
|
|
Term
| If the central line is inserted too Posteriorly it may puncture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the central line is interested carefully it may puncture the _____ and result in a ______ |
|
Definition
Pleura of the lung
Pneumothorax |
|
|
Term
| The ____ may serve as an "internal barometer." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Venous pressure rises as in _____ failure or ____ obstruction, the EJV is more prominent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If EJV is severed the lumen will remained held open by ____ and will suck in air resulting in ____ noise in the thorax and cyanosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A venous air embolism produced by laceration of the EJV will cause the ____ side of the heart to fill with ____ and result in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ of the CN XI are uncommon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN XI may be damaged by surgical procedures in the ____ region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN XI may be damaged by _____ trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN XI may be damaged by tumors at the _____ or cancerous ____ lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN XI may be damaged by fractures of the ______ where the CN XI leaves the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A unilateral lesion of the CN XI does not produce an abnormal position of the ____. Instead the patient will have difficulty _____ |
|
Definition
Head
turning the head towards the opposite side against resistance |
|
|
Term
| Unilateral paralysis of the Trapezius is evident by the patient's inability to ____ the shoulder and _____ of the upper limb |
|
Definition
elevate
elevation above the horizontal |
|
|
Term
| "____ of the shoulders" is an obvious sign of CN XI damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN XI is the most common ______ nerve injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If an _____ exists then, it must also be blocked/ crushed in addition to the ____ nerve to produce complete paralysis of the hemidiaphragm. |
|
Definition
Accessory Phrenic Nerve
Phrenic Nerve |
|
|
Term
| The _____ nerve is vulnerable to injury with fractures to the middle third of the clavicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Damage to Suprascapular Nerve is evident by the arm's assumption of the ____ position with the arm ____ rotated and impairment of ability to ______ |
|
Definition
Waiter's Tip Position
Medially Rotated
Initiate abduction of the arm |
|
|
Term
| When the external Carotid artery or Subclavian artery is ligated the ____ branch of the ____ artery provides the main collateral circulation, anastomosisng with the _____ & _____ arteries. |
|
Definition
Descending branch of the Occipital Artery
Vertebral and Deep Cervical Arteries |
|
|
Term
| The ____ triangle provides an important surgical approach to the carotid system of arteries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to arteries, the Carotid Triangle provides access to the _____ vein, _____ & _____ nerves, and the cervical sympathetic trunk. |
|
Definition
IJV
Vagus and Hypoglossal Nerves |
|
|
Term
| Damage to the ____ or ____ nerves during surgical dissection of the Carotid Triangle may produce an alteration in voice. |
|
Definition
Vagus
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves |
|
|
Term
| The recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve is a branch of the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A partial occlusion of the internal carotid artery may produce a ______, a sudden focal loss of _____ function, which disappears after 24 hours. |
|
Definition
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), a sudden focal loss of neurological function |
|
|
Term
| Arterial occlusion of the internal carotid may cause a ______, a loss of neurological function on _____, that exceeds _____, but disappears before _____. |
|
Definition
minor stroke
one side
24 hours
3 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Carotid Endarterectomy is _____ |
|
Definition
| stripping of atherosclerotic plaque |
|
|
Term
| Carotid Endarterectomy performed on the internal carotid artery poses risk of damage to the: ______ nerves |
|
Definition
| CN IX, CN X (or its branch, the superior laryngeal nerve), CN XI, CN XII |
|
|
Term
| ____ pulse ("Neck Pulse") |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Absence of Carotid Pulse indicates _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carotid Pulse is usually palpated @ ____ |
|
Definition
| Anterior border of SCM at level of Thyroid Cartilage |
|
|
Term
| Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity is exceptional responsiveness of the ____ in various types of vascular disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the _____ artery at its origin, the _________ |
|
Definition
internal carotid artery
common carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| In people with carotid sinus hypersensitivity external pressure on the carotid artery may cause ____, _____, and cardiac ischemia resulting in _______. |
|
Definition
slowing of the heart rate
fall in blood pressure
fainting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In all forms of syncope, symptoms result from a sudden and critical decrease in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Checking the carotid pulse is not recommend for people with ______, because it can result in ______ |
|
Definition
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
fainting |
|
|
Term
| A decrease in PO2 (Partial Pressure of O2) activates the ____ & ____, resulting in _______ |
|
Definition
aortic and carotid chemoreceptors
increased alveolar ventilation |
|
|
Term
| In addition to PO2 the Carotid Bodies also respond to _____ or ____ in the blood. |
|
Definition
| Increased CO2 or free Hydrogen ions |
|
|
Term
| The carotid body (carotid glomus or glomus caroticum) is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork (bifurcation) of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat) |
|
Definition
| Yah just there to remember |
|
|
Term
| The ____ nerve conducts the information centrally from the Carotid Bodies, resulting in reflexive stimulation of the _____ centers of the brain that increase the ______ along with the increase in pulse and blood pressure. |
|
Definition
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Respiratory
depth and rate of breathing |
|
|
Term
| The ____ pulse increases considerably in conditions such as mitral valve disease, which increases the pressure in the _____ circulation of the ____ side of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which IJV pulse is typically observed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anesthetic at the large cervicothroacic ganglion may relieve _____ involving the brain and the upper limb. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lesion of the sympathetic drunk in the neck results in a sympathetic disturbance called _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Horner Syndrome is characterized by: contraction of the _____, drooping of the _____, ______ of the eye, Vasodilation and absence of ____ on the head and neck. |
|
Definition
Pupil
Superior Eyelid
Sinking in
sweating |
|
|
Term
| Contraction of the pupil in Horner Syndrome is a result of paralysis of the _____ muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drooping of the superior eyelid in Horner Syndrome is a result of paralysis of the ______ muscle intermingled with the ____ muscle of the __________ |
|
Definition
smooth
striated
levator palpebrae superioris |
|
|
Term
| Development of the thyroid gland begins in the floor of the embryonic _____ at the site indicated by a small pit, the ______, in the dorsum of the postnatal ______ |
|
Definition
pharynx
foramen cecum
tongue |
|
|
Term
| During migration of primordial thyroid gland from the foramen cecum to its final destination, it is attached to the foramen cecum by the ______, which is eventually obliterated, but remnants may remain and form a _______ |
|
Definition
Thyroglossal Duct
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst |
|
|
Term
| A Thyroglossal Duct Cyst is typically close to the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deviating from the usual or natural type |
|
|
Term
| Aberrant Thyroid glandular tissue may be found anywhere along the path of the embryonic _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lingual Thyroid Gland is result of _____ |
|
Definition
| Aberrant Thyroid glandular tissue posterior to the foramen cecum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a displacement or malposition of an organ or other body part |
|
|
Term
| Portions of the Thyroglossal duct may persist to form ______ |
|
Definition
| accessory thyroid glandular tissue |
|
|
Term
| Accessory thyroid glandular tissue may appear ______ |
|
Definition
| anywhere along the embryonic course of the Thyroglossal duct |
|
|
Term
| Approximately 50% of the Thyroid Glands have a _____ lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A band of connective tissue, often containing ____ tissue, may continue from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the ______ |
|
Definition
accessory thyroid glandular tissue
hyoid |
|
|
Term
| The Pyramidal Lobe and the band of connective tissue develop from ______ |
|
Definition
| remnants of the epithelium and connective tissue of the Thyroglossal duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A goiter may compress: _____ |
|
Definition
| Trachea, Esophagus, and the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves |
|
|
Term
| Which direction can the goiter not enlarge and why? |
|
Definition
| Superiorly, because of the attachments of the Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid muscles |
|
|
Term
| Hoarness is the usual sign of _____ nerve damage |
|
Definition
| Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| Temporary aphonia or disturbance of phonation (voice production) usually result from _____ or ____ |
|
Definition
| Bruising of the Reccurent Laryngeal during surgery or from pressure of blood post surgery |
|
|
Term
| The variable position of the ____ glands puts them at severe risk during surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior parathyroid glands may be as far superior as the ______ & as inferior as the _____ |
|
Definition
thyroid cartilage
superior mediastinum |
|
|
Term
| Atrophy or inadvertent surgical removal of all the parathyroid glands results in ______, as severe neurological syndrome characterized by ________ |
|
Definition
Tetany
muscle twitches & cramps |
|
|
Term
| The spasms of Tetany are caused by _____ |
|
Definition
| Decreased serum levels of calcium |
|
|
Term
| Larynx can be fractured by compression by a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forced expiatory effort against a closed airway |
|
|
Term
| When a foreign object enters the vestibule of the larynx, the laryngeal muscles go into spasm, tensing the ___ and causing the ____ to close, allowing no air to enter |
|
Definition
vocal folds
rima glottidis |
|
|
Term
| Tracheostomy establishes ____ |
|
Definition
| an airway in patients with upper airway obstruction |
|
|
Term
| The incision for a Tracheostomy is performed at ____ |
|
Definition
| space between 1&2 or 2-4 tracheal rings |
|
|
Term
| Which accessory artery found in 10% of people on the trachea must be accounted for when performing a Tracheostomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Thymus covers the inferior part of the trachea in ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paralysis of the vocal fold occurs after damage to ____ nerve |
|
Definition
| inferior laryngeal nerve (continuation of the Reccurent Laryngeal Nerve) |
|
|
Term
| The voice is poor with a paralyzed vocal fold, because the paralyzed vocal fold cannot _____ to meet the normal fold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In bilateral paralysis of the vocal folds, the folds cannot be adducted for ______ nor abducted for _______, resulting in ________ |
|
Definition
phonation
increased respiration
stridor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High pitched, noisy respiration |
|
|
Term
| Hoarseness is the common symptom of serious disorders of the larynx, such as _____ of the vocal cords |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In progressive lesions of the Reccurent laryngeal nerve, _____ of the vocal ligaments is lost before _____, during recovery ____ returns before ______ |
|
Definition
abduction lost before adduction
adduction returns before abduction |
|
|
Term
| Paralysis of the superior laryngeal nerve causes anesthesia of the superior laryngeal mucosa and as a result ______ |
|
Definition
| The protective mechanism designed to keep foreign bodies out of the larynx is inactive |
|
|
Term
| Injury to the _______ results in a monotonous voice, because of the paralyzed ______ muscle is unable to vary the length and tension of the vocal fold. |
|
Definition
External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Cricothyroid |
|
|
Term
| A ____ can impair innervation of the larynx by compression of the laryngeal nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most people with cancer of the Larynx present with persistent ____ and ____ache |
|
Definition
hoarseness
earache (otalgia) |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged ____ or ____ lymph nodes may indicate the presence of laryngeal cancer |
|
Definition
| pretracheal or paratracheal |
|
|
Term
| When swallowing food, some will enter the piriform fossae, if sharp it may pierce the membrane and damage ____ nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The internal laryngeal nerve is a branch off _____ nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ nerve is prone to injury during a tonsillectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ may block airflow nasal cavities to nasopharynx |
|
Definition
| Adenoiditis (Inflammation of pharyngeal tonsils) |
|
|
Term
| Infection from enlarged pharyngeal tonsils (Adenoiditis) may spread to the _____ tonsils, causing swelling and closure of the paryngotympatic tubes, resulting in an impairment of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A branchial fistula is an abnormal canal that opens internally to the _____ and externally _____ |
|
Definition
Tonsillar Fossa
Side of the Neck |
|
|
Term
| A Branchial Fistula results from the persistence of remnants of the _____ pharyngeal pouch and ____ pharyngeal groove |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WIKIPEDIA of what Cervical Sinus is |
|
Definition
The mandibular and hyoid arches grow more rapidly than those behind them, with the result that the latter become, to a certain extent, telescoped within the former, and a deep depression, the cervical sinus, is formed on either side of the neck.
This sinus is bounded in front by the hyoid arch, and behind by the thoracic wall; it is ultimately obliterated by the fusion of its walls. |
|
|
Term
| When the Embryonic Cervical Sinus fails to disappear it may retain its connection with the lateral surface of the neck by a ______, which can be located anywhere along the _____ |
|
Definition
Brachial Sinus (a narrow canal)
SCM |
|
|
Term
| If a remnant of the cervical sinus is not connected with the surface, it may form a ______, usually located at the anterior angle of the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Brachial Cyst passes close to the _____, ______, & ______ nerves, which can be damaged during excision of the cyst. |
|
Definition
Accessory
Hypoglossal
Glossopharyngeal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atresia is a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula (TEF) is ______- |
|
Definition
| superior part of the esophagus ends in a blind pouch and the inferior part communicates with the trachea |
|
|
Term
| Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula (TEF)results from abnormailities in the partitioning of the esophagus and trachea by the ______ |
|
Definition
| Tracheo-Esophageal septum |
|
|
Term
| Most common complaint of Esophageal Cancer is _____, and is usually not recognized until the lumen is reduced by _____% |
|
Definition
|
|
