Term
| Blood has three main functions: |
|
Definition
| transport, maintain, and prevent |
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Term
| blood is considered what? Why? |
|
Definition
| connective tissue; cells in a fluid matrix |
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Term
| three functions that pertain to the "transport" function of the blood include: |
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Definition
- transport O2 and Nutrients
- transport hormones
- transport metabolic wastes |
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Term
| three functions that pertain to the "maintain" function of the blood include: |
|
Definition
- maintain body temp
- maintain pH in body tissues
- maintain fluid volume in Circulatory System |
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Term
| two functions that pertain to the "prevention" function of the blood include: |
|
Definition
- prevent blood loss
- prevent infection (WBC) |
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Term
| when transporting the blood, how do the metabolic wastes get circled around? |
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Definition
| from cells to lungs, then to kidneys, then out through urine |
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Term
| name 3 hormones the blood helps transports |
|
Definition
- estrogen
- adrenalin
- insulin
- testosterone |
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Term
| how is the centrifuged blood separated? |
|
Definition
55% plasma
45% RBC
<1% buffy coat |
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Term
| What does the buffy coat of centrifuged blood contain? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are considered the formed elements in the centrifuged blood? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the packed red cell volume is known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how can a hematocrit be helpful? |
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Definition
| tell whether you're anemic (low RBC count) or polycythemic (high RBC count) |
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Term
| in a hematocrit, blood sinking means what? |
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Definition
| there is enough insulin in your body |
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Term
| normal hematocrit count for male/female |
|
Definition
male: 47% +/- 5%
female: 42% +/- 5% |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| total mass of body weight |
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Definition
|
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Term
volume of blood male (liter/gallon/pint)
female? average? |
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Definition
male: 5-6L, 1.5 gal, 12 pints
female: 4-5L
average: 5.5 |
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Term
| plasma is made up of how much water? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Name 4 proteins in plasma |
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Definition
- albumin
- globulins
- clotting proteins (fibrinogen, prothrombin)
- enzymes
- hormones
- complement (antibacterial) |
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Term
| protein in plasma that maintains osmotic pressure and has a low molecular weight |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what do the alpha and beta globulins do? |
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Definition
| bind to lipid soluble vitamins such as A,D,E,K |
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Term
| two types of nutrients in plasma |
|
Definition
-glucose
-amino acids
-cholesterol
-vitamins |
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Term
| normal amount of glucose in plasma |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| normal amount of cholesterol in plasma |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RBC also known as red blood |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| RBC can circulate for how long |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| normal RBC count in males and females |
|
Definition
males: 5.1-5.8 million/mm3 blood
females: 4.3-5.2 million/mm3 blood |
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|
Term
| normal hemoglobin count in males, females, and infants |
|
Definition
males: 13-18g/100ml
females:12-16g/100ml
infants:14-20g/100ml |
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Term
| why do infants have more hemoglobin? |
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Definition
| more red bone marrow, more being produced |
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Term
| what is oxyhemoglobin, where is it found |
|
Definition
| oxygenated bright red hemoglobin, found in arteries |
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Term
| what is reduced hemoglobin also known as and where is it found |
|
Definition
| deoxygenated hemoglobin, dark red, no oxygen, found in veins |
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Term
| what is carbamino hemoglobin? |
|
Definition
| when CO2 combines with deoxygenated hemoglobin |
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Term
| what is carboxyhemoglobin and how could you get it? |
|
Definition
| CO in hemoglobin, smokers, and bus fumes |
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Term
| what is the normal level of carboxyhemoglobin compared to smokers' |
|
Definition
normal: o.5%
smokers: 5-16% |
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Term
| what is RBC production called |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| average length of RBC production |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| low RBC with little oxygen available |
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Term
| what do the kidneys do during RBC production? |
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Definition
| release erythropoietin to stimulate the red bone marrow to produce more RBC |
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Term
|
Definition
| fatigue, pale, short of breath, chilly |
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Term
| three factors that could cause you to be anemic |
|
Definition
- low RBC count
- low hemoglobin
- abnormal hemoglobin (genetics) |
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Term
| how can you get hemolytic anemia? |
|
Definition
| bacterial or parasitic infection from transfusion |
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Term
|
Definition
| marrow destruction by radiation, chemo, drugs, (cancer related) |
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Term
| what can cause iron deficiency anemia? |
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Definition
| lack of iron in your diet |
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Term
|
Definition
| liquid volume goes up from over exercising, temporary |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vitamin B12 deficiency, low intrinsic factor in stomach, mostly affects elderly |
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Term
| what is Thalassemias, and whom does it affect? |
|
Definition
| abnormal hemoglobin in Meditteranean ppl, Greeks, Italians, |
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Term
| what can contribute to sickle cell |
|
Definition
| genetics, high altitudes, low oxygen conditions, replacement of one amino acid |
|
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Term
| what hemoglobin does sick cell affect? |
|
Definition
Hemoglobin S
(Hemoglobin F in infants does not sickle) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| polycythemia can result from... (3) |
|
Definition
blood doping
bone marrow cancer
increase in erythropoeitin
chronic lung disease, smokers
high altitudes |
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Term
|
Definition
| when athletes remove blood and reinject it before the event so there's more RBC in their system |
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Term
| who discovered the ABO system |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when will a transfusion reaction take place |
|
Definition
| when the blood is not compatible |
|
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Term
| when will hemolysis occur |
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Definition
| when the recipient's antibodies cause agglutination and intravascular clotting and kidney damage |
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Term
| who came up with the discovery of the D antigen for Rh |
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Definition
|
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Term
| If the D antigen is present, the person is + or - |
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Definition
| D antigen present = positve |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: There are no naturally occuring antibodies in the Rh system and the ABO |
|
Definition
False;
no naturally occurring antibodies in the Rh system, but there are naturally occurring antibodies found in the plasma to foreign antigens |
|
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Term
| what is erythroblastosis fetalis |
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Definition
| when a pregnant mother is Rh- and the baby is Rh+, the baby's placenta will burst after delivery and some of the baby's blood will seep back into the mothers. This means that the Rh+ antigens pass into her bloodstream causing her to produce anti-Rh antibodies. If her next baby is Rh +, it could result in a stillbirth. RhoGAM has anti-Rh agglutinins, which stop the mother's immune system from attacking the baby's. This is injected about 7-8 months. |
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Term
| how do leukocytes move? what kind of movement |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where do they develop from? |
|
Definition
| stem cells in bone marrow |
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Term
| what is it called when the leukocytes slip out of capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4,000-11,000 cells/mm3 blood |
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Term
| more than 11,000 leukocytes results in... |
|
Definition
| leukocytosis (indicated infection) |
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Term
| most abundant leukocyte with percentage |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: all granulocytes are phagocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil |
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Term
| killing machines of the granulocytes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| neutrophil increase may indicate |
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Definition
| infection, *inflammation* |
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|
Term
| what percentage of WBC are eosinophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two main jobs of eosinophils |
|
Definition
- attack parasitic worms
- reduce allergic reactions |
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|
Term
| least common leukocyte (percentage?) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| these leukocytes will release histamine (vasodilator) to attract WBC |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| WBC similar to mast cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are basophils involved in clinically |
|
Definition
| allergic and inflammatory reactions |
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|
Term
| two types of agranulocytes |
|
Definition
| lymphocytes and monocytes |
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Term
| what are the main differences btwn granulocytes and agranulocytes |
|
Definition
- spherical/kidney shaped nucleus vs. lobed
- lack of granules |
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|
Term
| percentage of lymphocytes in WBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T and B types of these leukocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fight virus infected cells and tumor cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| transform into plasma cells |
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Term
| these WBC increase in Mono and viral infections |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| monocytes are what percent of WBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 18 microns, about 2x the size of RBC |
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|
Term
| these WBC will transform themselves into macrophages in tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| someone with TB would have a lot of these WBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blast cells are fast acting in children |
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Term
|
Definition
| late stages of cells, slow acting, effects elderly |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 symptoms of leukemia |
|
Definition
-reduced immunity
-reduced RBC count (anemia)
-reduced platelets, bleeding problems
-fever
-weight loss
-bone pain
-death by infection or internal hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| what look do monocytes have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) affectes what virus or bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of Mono include (3) |
|
Definition
-tired
-achy
-chronic sore throat
-low fever
-enlarged spleen |
|
|
Term
| decrease in WBC is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decrease in WBC can be caused by factors such as (3) |
|
Definition
- viral infections
- rheumatoid arthritis
- cirrhosis of liver
- exposure to radiation
- drug therapies (cancer treatment) |
|
|
Term
| scientific word for platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thrombocytes are fragments of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 150,000-400,000/mm3 blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less than 10 days in circulation |
|
|
Term
| what do platelets contain? |
|
Definition
calcium ions
blood clotting factors
serotonin
ADP |
|
|
Term
| "to stop bleeding" is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood clotting with the help from Factor 8 |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme is used to separate fibrinogen into lose fibrin for platelets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loose fibrins become insoluble, dense fibrin witht eh help of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the job of aspirin |
|
Definition
| inhibits platelet aggregation |
|
|
Term
| what's an example of a natural anticoagulant |
|
Definition
| tea, red wine, grape juice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clot in unbroken blood vessel, clot stays where it is |
|
|
Term
| why is coronary thrombosis bad |
|
Definition
| clot that can cause heart attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood clot that floats away into the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| what is bad about a pulmonary embolus? |
|
Definition
| can deprive the body of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| what is bad about a cerebral embolus? |
|
Definition
| can lead to your brain, causing a stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| under 50,000 platelet count |
|
|
Term
| define petechiae (pa-tee-key-A) |
|
Definition
| small purplish blotches on skin |
|
|
Term
| impaired liver function can do what |
|
Definition
| causes severe bleeding due to lack of clotting proteins |
|
|
Term
| sex-linked condition, usually lack of blood clotting Factor 8 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deep venous thrombosis, clots that form in legs from not having blood circulated
ex. not moving around and sitting still for a long airplane ride (10 hrs) |
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|
