Term
| two of the body's most important functions |
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Definition
| protection, transportation |
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| systems that provide protection and transportation |
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| primary transportation fluid |
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| not only performs vital pickup and delivery services, but also provides much of the protection necessary to withstand foreign "invaders" |
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Definition
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| a fluid tissue that has many kinds of chemicals dissolved in it and millions upon millions of cells floating in it |
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| system that supplies transportation for cells of the body |
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| system that plays a critical role in the functioning of the immune system, moves fluids and large molecules from the tissue spaces and fat-related nutrients from the digestive system to the blood |
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Definition
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| ________ ___________ of blood are many different types of cells and cell fragments taht are suspended in the plasma |
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Definition
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| the formed elements include: |
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Definition
| RBC's, WBC's, and platelets |
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Term
| the function of the _______ is to carry substances from on part of the body to another |
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Definition
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| many transported materials are dissolved in __________, so the composition of it varies based on what is going on in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| plays an important role in a number of systems, such as respiratory, digestive, urinary, and immune systems |
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Definition
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Term
| prefix "pro-" and suffix "-ogen" indicate a(n) (ACTIVE/INACTIVE) substance |
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Definition
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| ___________ is the blood minus its formed elements and consists of water and many substances dissolved in it |
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Definition
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| all of the chemicals needed by cells to stay alive are brought to them by the _____ |
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Definition
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| most of the oxygen in the blood is carried in RBC's as |
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Definition
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| the most abundant type of solute in the plasma is a group of ______ _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens |
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Definition
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Term
| help thicken and maintain the blood volume |
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Definition
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| include the antibodies that help protect us from infections |
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Definition
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| neccessary for blood clotting |
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Definition
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| plasma minus its clotting factors; still contains antibodies |
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Definition
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| obtained from whole blood by allowing it to clot in the bottom of a tube and then pouring off the liquid substance. |
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Definition
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| a big person has (MORE/LESS) blood than a small person |
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Definition
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| a man has (MORE/LESS) blood than a woman |
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| most adults probably have between ___-___ liters of blood |
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Definition
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| blood normally accounts for about ___-___ % of total body weight |
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Definition
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| the volume of the _______ part of blood is usally a little more than half the volume of whole blood |
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| three main types of formed elements: |
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Definition
| RBC's, WBC's, and Platelets |
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| thrombocyte; plays role in blood clotting |
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Term
| ______ leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm |
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Definition
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| _________ leukocytes do not have granules in their cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 kinds of granular leukocytes |
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Definition
| neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
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Term
| 2 kinds of nongranular leukocytes |
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Definition
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| RBC'S in one drop of blood |
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Definition
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| WBC's in one drop of blood |
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Definition
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| platelets in one drop of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| two kinds of connective tissue that make blood cells for the body |
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Definition
| myeloid tissue, lypmhatic tissue |
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Term
| better known as red bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| myeloid tissue (Red bone marrow) |
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| 3 places red bone marrow is chiefly found in the adult |
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Definition
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Term
| forms all types of blood cells except some lymphocytes and monocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| located chiefly on the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen |
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Definition
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| forms some lymphocytes and monocytes that red bone marrow cannot form |
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Definition
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Term
| circulate for up to 4 months before they break apart and their components are removed from the bloodstream by the spleen and liver |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ leukocytes often have a lifespan of only a few days |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ leukocytes may live for more than 6 months |
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Definition
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Term
| mature __________ have no nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the shape of the rbc |
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Definition
| "caved in" on both sides so that each one has a thin center and thicker edges |
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Term
| rbc total surface area is (ENORMUS/TINY) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. transport carbondioxide out of cells and into lungs for disposal
2. transport oxygen from the lungs to other cells in the body |
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Term
| harmful waste produced by the energy-producing processes of all living cells; must be carried away from cells and to the lungs for disposal into the external environment |
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Definition
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Term
| red pigment; iron containing protein in red blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
| oxygen and hemoglobin unite to form |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ makes possible the efficient transport of large quantities of oxygen to body cells |
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Definition
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Term
| the compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| deficient number of red blood cells or deficient hemoglobin; caused by an inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body cells |
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Definition
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Term
| can occur if the hemoglobin in RBC's is inadequate, even if adequate numbers of RBCs are present |
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Definition
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Term
| results from a decrease in number of RBCs caused by hemorrhage; characterized by low oxygen carrying capacity of blood; decreased RBC lifespan and/or increased rate of RBC destruction; ie bleeding ulcers |
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Definition
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| blood disorder characterized by a low RBC count; caused by destruction of myeloid tissue in the bone marrow; ofeten related to exposure to certain toxic chemicals, high-dose irradiation, certain drugs, and chemotherapy agents |
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Definition
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Term
| deficiency of RBCs resulting from a lack of vitamin B12' results from a failure of the stomach lining to produce intrinsic factor |
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Definition
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| the substance that allows vitamin b12 to be absorbed from foods we eat |
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Definition
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| severe, possibly fatal hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| when only one defective gene is inherited and only a small amount of hemoglobin that is less soluble than usual is produced; forms solid crystals when the blood oxygen is low, causing distortion of the RBC |
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Definition
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| if ____ defective genes are inherited more of the defective hemoglobin is produced and the distorition of RBCs becomes severe |
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Definition
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Term
| condition in which there are inadequate levels of iron in the diet so that less hemoglobin is produced; results in extreme fatigue |
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Definition
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| less hemoglobin, less oxygen transported to cells = |
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Definition
| slower breakdown and use of nutrients by cells, less energy produced by cells, decreased cellular functions |
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Term
| an excessive number of RBCs; blood is too thick to flow properly |
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Definition
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Term
| volume percent of blood cells in whole blood; |
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Definition
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Term
| normally, about ____% of the blood volume consists of RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ values tend to be higher in man than women and decrease with age |
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Definition
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Term
| thin layer of WBCs and platelets located between the RBCs and plasma in a centrifuged sample of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| for a patient with anemia, the percentage of RBCs (DECREASES/INCREASES) |
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Definition
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Term
| for a patient with polycythemia, the percentage of RBCs (DECREASES/INCREASES) |
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Definition
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Term
| excessive loss of body water; the most common fluid imbalance; an abnormally low volume of one or more body fluids |
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Definition
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Term
| in ____________ blood volume is decreased and RBCs mae up a greater proportion of the total, although their actual numbers have not increased. |
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Definition
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Term
| leukocytes are categorized by the presence of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| white blood cell that stains readily with neutral dyes |
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Definition
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Term
| white blood cell that is readily stained by eosin |
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Definition
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| wbc that stains readily with basic dyes |
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Definition
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| type of WBC; B cells and T cells |
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Definition
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Definition
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| defend the body from cancer cells that form inside our tissues and from microorganisms that have succeeded in invading our body |
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Definition
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| total number of WBCs per cubic mL of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| total wbc count ranges between ____ and______ |
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Definition
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| proportion of each type of WBC reported as a percentage of the total WBC count; reveals more information than simply counting the total number of all the different types of WBCs in a blood sample |
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Definition
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| abnormally low WBC numbers in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| disease in which the HIV virus attacks the T cells, there by compromising the boy's immune system |
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Definition
| AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) |
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Term
| refers to an abnormally high WBC count; more common |
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Definition
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| most numerous of the active WBCs; protect the bdy from invading microorganisms by actually taking them into their own cell bodies and digesting them |
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Definition
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| WBC that engulfs microbes and digests them |
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Definition
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| serve as weak phagocytes; involves protection agains infection caused by certain parasites; involved in allergic reactions |
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Definition
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| secrete the chemical histamine in peripheral blood; produce heparin |
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Definition
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| released during inflammatory reactions |
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Definition
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| helps prevent blood from clotting as it flows through the blood vessels of the body; obtained from the liver |
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Definition
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| largest leukocytes; aggressive phagocytes; capable of engulfing larger bacterial organisms and cancerous cells |
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Definition
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| "large eater"; are specialized monocytes that have grown several times their original size after migrating out of the blood stream |
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Definition
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| Help protect us against infections, type of whit blood cell : b cell and t cell |
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Definition
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| The complex process that makes us immune to infectious diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| Do not secrete antibodies but instead protect us by directly attacking bacteria or cancerous cells ; critical to the function of the immune system ;produce cell mediated immunity |
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Definition
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Term
| Secrete chemical compounds called antibodies that specifically act to destroy particular bacteria viruses or chemicals ; develop into plasma cells; |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Blood cancer characterized by an increase in WBCs ; can be acute or chronic, or lymphocytic or myeloid |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ and _______ leukemia are based on how quickly symptoms appear after the disease occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ and ______ leukemia depend on on the cell type involved |
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Definition
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Term
| Play an essential role in blood clogging |
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Definition
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| Plugs up a torn or cut vessel and stops bleeding that otherwise might prove fatal |
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Definition
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Term
How a ______ _______ forms :
Injury to blood vessel, prothrombin activatior forms, platelets become sticky, form a platelet plug, prothrombin converts to thrombin, thrombin reacts with fibrinogen which forms fibrin which seals the damaged vessel |
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Definition
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Term
| A protein formed by clogging factors from damaged tissue cells and platelets; it converts prothrombin into thrombin, a step essential in forming blood clots |
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Definition
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| Soft temporary accumulation near the opening of a broken blood vessel |
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Definition
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| Proteins present in normal blood that is required for blood clotting. |
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Definition
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| Soluble blood protein that is converted into insoluble fibrin during clogging. (Normal plasma protein) |
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Definition
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| Fibrous gel, insoluble protein in clotted blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Looks like a tangle of fine threads with RBCs caught in the tangle; the bloodclot that forms a more long term seal of the damaged blood vessel |
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Definition
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Term
| Acts by inhibiting the synthesis of prothrombin and other vitamin k dependent factors |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to prevent excessive blood clotting. Inhibited conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, thus preventing formation of a thrombus |
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Definition
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Term
| Often used to regulate dosage of anticoagulant drugs. I. This test, thrombroplastin and calcium are added simultaneously to a tube of the patients plasma and a tube containing a normal control solution to determine time required fir clot formation |
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Definition
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Term
| The most used low dose anticiagulant |
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Definition
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Term
| Mathematical calculation reported as a number (normal.0.8-1.2) used to standardize the results of anticoagulantion testing |
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Definition
| INR international normalized ratio |
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Term
| Stimulates liver cells to increase synthesis of prothrombin. Faster clot formation |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel. Stationary |
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Definition
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Term
| A blood clot or other substance (bubble of air) that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel |
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Definition
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Term
| Obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign matter carried in the bloodstream |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs that dissolve blood clots |
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Definition
Streptokinase
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-pa) |
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Term
| Substance that when introduced to the body causes the formation of antibodies against it ; can activate the immune system to make certain responses ;including the production of antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Almost all substances that act as antigens and stimulate the immune system are foreign protein s called ______ ______ antigens. That is, they are not the body's own natural self antigens, which are found on the cell membranes of normal body cells. Generally proteins that have entered the body from the outside by way of infection, transfusion, or some other method |
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Definition
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Term
| Substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific substance (antigens) that has entered the body |
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Definition
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| Antibodies causing antigens to clump together |
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Definition
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Definition
A and b antigens
No antibodies
Universal receiver |
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Definition
No antigens
a and b antibodies
Universal donor |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Red blood cells that do contain Rh factor antigens |
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Definition
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Term
| Rbc that doesn't contain Rh factor |
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Definition
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Term
| Injection. Of a special protein given to an Rh negative woman who is pregnant to prevent her body from forming anti Rh antibodies which may harm an Rh positive baby in a subsequent pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| the term ___ is used because this important blood cell antigen was first discovered in the blood of Rhesus monkeys |
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Definition
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| harmful effects or even death can result from a __________ ___________ reaction if the donor's RBCs become agglutinated by antibodies in the recipient's plasma |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| universal recipient blood |
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Definition
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Term
| reinfusing of RBCs (or drugs that increase RBC production) into an athlete prior to competition in attempt to increase performance levels or stamina by increasing the oxygen-carrying capability of the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ never naturally contains anti-Rh antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| disease that may develop when an Rh-negative mother has anti-Rh antibodies and gives birth to an Rh-positive baby and antibodies react with the Rh-positive cells of the baby |
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Definition
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| one of the primary benefits of ______ ______ is an increase in the oxygen-carrying capacity caused by increases in hemoglobin levels |
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