Term
| All parts of the body are linked by which system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Basic components of the Cardiovascular system |
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Definition
Blood (circulating fluid)
Heart (the pump)
Network of bloodvessels |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized fluid connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
1. Distributes nutrients, oxygen & hormones to cells of body
2. Carries metabolic waste to kidneys for excretion
3. Transports specialized cells that defend peripheal tissues from infection/disease |
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Term
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Definition
1. Plasma
2. Formed elements |
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Term
| What is Plasma? Describe it |
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Definition
- liquid matrix of blood
- density only slighty greater than water
- containts dissolved proteins and numerous dissolved solutes (as oppossed to network of insoluable fibers found in loose connective tissues & cartilage) |
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Term
| What are Formed Elements of the Blood? |
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Definition
| blood cells and cell fragments suspended in the plasma |
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Term
| Components of Formed Elements |
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Definition
- Red blood cell (RBCs)
- White blood cells/Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Platelets |
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Term
| Function of Red blood cells (RBCs)? |
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Definition
| transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Term
| White blood cells/Leukocytes are a component of what other system besides the Cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small, membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm containing enzymes and other factors essential for blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| a mixture of Plasma and Formed Elements |
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Term
| Characteristics of Whole Blood? |
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Definition
| sticky, cohesive, and resistant to flow. (All of these characteristic determine the viscosity of a solution) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.5 (viscosity of a soultion is always compared to pure water, which is 1.0) |
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Term
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Definition
| about 5.0 (viscosity of a soultion is always compared to pure water, which is 1.0) |
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Term
| Why is the viscosity of Whole Blood higher than Plasma? |
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Definition
| because of interactions between water molecules and formed elements |
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Term
| How many liters of Whole Blood, on average, are in an adult Male and Female? |
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Definition
Male: 5-6 liters
Female: 4-5 liters |
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Term
| Alkaline pH range and temperature of Blood? |
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Definition
Alkaline pH: range of 7.35-7.45
Temperature: slightly higher than core body temp.
Blood temp:38 C ////Body temp:37 C
Blood temp:100.4 F ////Body temp:98.6 F |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| High blood volume (aka Hypertension: high blood pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of the volume of whole blood does Plasma account for? |
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Definition
| 55% of the volume of whole blood is plasma (actual concentrations vary depending on region of cardiovascular system or area of body sampled) |
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Term
| What percentage of the volume of whole blood does Water account for? |
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Definition
| 92% of volume of whole blood is water (actual concentrations vary depending on region of cardiovascular system or area of body sampled) |
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Term
| Similarity between Plasma & Interstisial fluid? |
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Definition
| Ion concentrations in plasma are similar to those of interstitial fluid |
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Term
| Two main differences between Plasma and Interstitial fluid |
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Definition
1. Concentration of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide:
- Plasma has higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen than interstitial fluid; so oxygen flows from the bloodstream into peripheal tissues
-Interstitial fluid has a higher concentration of CO2 than plasma; so CO2 diffuses out of the tissues and into the blood
2. Concentration of dissolved proteins:
-Plasma contains a significant amount of dissolved proteins; insterstitial fluid does not |
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Term
| Why does Plasma contain a significant amount of dissolved proteins compared to Interstitial fluid? |
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Definition
| the large size and globular shape of plasma proteins prevent them from crossing capillary walls, and they remained trapped within the cardiovascular system |
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Term
| Whole blood composition percentages |
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Definition
Plasma: 46-63% of whole blood
Formed Elements: 37-54% of whole blood |
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Term
| Plasma composition percentages |
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Definition
Plasma proteins: 7% of plasma
Other solutes(Electrolytes, Organic nutrients, Organic wastes): 1% of plasma
Water: 92% of plasma |
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Term
| Formed elements percentages |
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Definition
Platelets make up <0.1% of formed elements
White blood cells make up <0.1% of formed elements
Red blood cells make up 99.9% of formed elements |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Plasma proteins? |
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Definition
1. Albumins
2. Globulins
3. Fibrinogen |
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Term
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Definition
- constitute 60% of plasma proteins
- most abundant plasma proteins
- major contributors to osmotic pressure of blood plasma
- important in transport of fatty acids, steriod hormones & other substances
- SMALLEST of all plasma proteins |
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Term
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Definition
- account for 35% of plasma proteins
Two types:
1. Immuniglobulins
2. Transport globulins |
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Term
| Immunoglobulins function? |
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Definition
also called anitibodies
attack foreign proteins and pathogens |
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Term
| Transport globulins function? |
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Definition
| bind small ions, hormones, or compounds that either are insoluable or might be filtered out of blood at kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
accounts for 4% of plasma proteins
- LARGEST of plasma proteins
- essential for normal blood clotting |
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Term
| What is the role of Fibrinogen in blood clotting? |
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Definition
| under certain conditions fibrinogen molecules interact, forming larege insoluable strands of Fibrin. Fibrin provide the basic framework for a blood clot. |
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Term
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Definition
accounts for 4% of plasma proteins
- LARGEST of plasma proteins
- essential for normal blood clotting |
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Term
| What is the role of Fibrinogen in blood clotting? |
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Definition
| under certain conditions fibrinogen molecules interact, forming larege insoluable strands of Fibrin. Fibrin provide the basic framework for a blood clot. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which plasma proteins can attach to lipids that are not water soluable? |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of lipids that are not water soluable? |
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Definition
| Triglycerides, fatty acids, and cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
- Albumins or Globulins attacthed to lipids that are not water soluable
- is a protein-lipid combination
- readily dissolve in plasma, which is how insoluable lipids are delivered to peripheal tissue |
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Term
| Which Organ is the primary source of Plasma Proteins, and what percenatge of them does it make? |
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Definition
| the Liver synthesizes and releases them; makes 90% of plasma proteins |
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Term
| Why do liver disorders alter the composition and functional properties of blood? |
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Definition
because the liver is the primary source of plasma proteins, which are apart of the blood
EX: some liver diseases lead to uncontrolled bleeding caused by inadequate synthesis of fibrinogen and other plasma proteins involved in clotting |
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