Term
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Definition
*Thrombocytes
*cell fragments
*140,000-440,000 ml3 blood
*helps control blood loss from broken vessels |
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Term
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Definition
*albumins
*alpha + beta globulins
*fibrinoge
*gamma globulins |
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Term
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Definition
*plasma protein
*most numerous
*originates in the liver
*helps maintain osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
*plasma proteins
*originate in liver
*transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
*hemostasis
*triggered by pain receptors, platelet release, or serotonin
*smooth muscle in vessels contracts |
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Term
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Definition
*hemostasis
*triggered by exposure of platelets to collagen
*platelets adhere to rough surface to form a plug |
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Term
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Definition
*hemostasis
*triggered by cellular damage and blood contact w/ foreign surfaces
*blood clot forms |
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Term
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Definition
*after forming it contracts and pulls the edges of a broken vessel together
*platelet derived factor stimulates smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts to repair damaged blood vessels
*plasmin digests blood clots |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood clot moving through blood |
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Term
| prevention of coagulation |
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Definition
*smooth lining of blood vessels discourages the accumulation of platelets
*as a clot forms, fibrin absorbs thrombin + prevents the reaction from spreading
*antithrombin interferes w/ the action of excess thrombin
*some cells secrete heparin |
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Term
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Definition
*bone marrow damaged
*toxic chem
*radiation |
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Term
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Definition
*decreased hemoglobin
*lack of iron
*decreased vitamin C |
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Term
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Definition
*RBCs destroyed
*toxic chem |
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Term
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Definition
*excess of immature RBCs
*decreased absorption of b12 |
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Term
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Definition
*abnormal shape
*defective gene |
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Term
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Definition
*decreased hemoglobin
*RBCs shirt lived
*defective gene |
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Term
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Definition
4,6 - 6,2 > males
4,2 - 5,4 > females
4,5 - 5,1 > children |
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Term
| RBC production and control |
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Definition
*red bone marrow produces > hemocytoblasts > erythrocytes > RBC
*erythropoietin > hormone released by the kidneys > controls RBC production |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*circulate for about 120 days
*macrophanges in spleen+liver destroy worn out RBC
*hemoglobin is broken down > heme + globin
*iron returns to bone marrow
*biliruvin + biliverdin excreted in bile |
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Term
| factors affecting RBC count |
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Definition
*altitude
*loss of blood
*COPD'er
*smoking |
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Term
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Definition
*Hct male > 40 -45 ml/ 100ml
*Hct female > 37 - 47
*Hgb male > 14 - 18 gm/100ml
*Hgb female > 12 - 16
*H/H = Hgb/Hct
*Fe 50 - 150 mcg/100ml |
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Term
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Definition
*form mostly from bone marrow
*red blood cells
*white blood cells
*platelets |
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Term
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Definition
*distribution: delivers o2, transports wastes and hormones
*regulation: maintains body temp, blood pH, adequate fluid volume
*protection: prevents blood loss, prevents infection |
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Term
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Definition
*about 8%
*about 5 liters
*varies w/: body size, change in liquid + electrolyte concentration, amount of adipose tissue |
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Term
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Definition
*45% cells by vol-Hct
*55% plasma > H2O, AA, proteins, carns, fats, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, waste
*of all cells in a blood sample 99% > RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| *stem cells hemocytoblasts > mature to various types of cells |
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Term
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Definition
*erythrocytes
*biconcave
*1/3 hemoglobin
*can readily squeeze through capillaries
*lack nuclei and mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
*leukocytes
*protect against disease
*granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
*agranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes |
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Term
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Definition
most numerous to least
*never > neutrophils
*let > lymphocytes
*monkeys > monocytes
*eat > eosinophils
*bananas > basophils |
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Term
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Definition
*light blue granules in acid based stein
*lobed nucleus
*polymorphonuclear
*1st to arrive at infections
*54% - 62% of leukocytes
*elevated in bacterial infections |
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Term
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Definition
*deep red > acid stein
*bilobed nucleus
*defend against parasitic worm infestations
*1% - 3% leukocytes
*elevated > worm + allergic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| leukocytes squeeze through capillary walls to enter tissue space outside the blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
*straw colored
*liquid portion of blood
*55% of blood |
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Term
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Definition
*plasma protein
*originates in liver
*blood coagulation |
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Term
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Definition
*plasma protein
*originate in lymphatic tissues
*constitute antibodies
*immunity |
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Term
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Definition
PO2 > 80 - 100 mm Hg
PCO2 > 35-45 mm Hg |
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Term
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Definition
*plasma lopoprotein
*high concentration of triglycerides
*transport dietary fats to muscles + adipose cells |
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Term
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Definition
*high cholesterol
*formed from VDLL
*deliver cholesterol to various cells |
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Term
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Definition
*relatively high triglycerides
*transport triglycerides from liver to adipose cells |
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Term
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Definition
*hight protein low lipid
*transport remnants of chylomicrons to liver |
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Term
| HDL - LDL > heart disease |
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Definition
Avg risk
*male 5.0
*female 4.5
HDL at least 40 |
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Term
| nonprotein nitrogenous substances |
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Definition
*urea
*uric acid
*AA
*creatine
*creatinine
*BUN > blood urea nitrogen > indicate health of kidney
* normal BUN > 10 -20 |
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Term
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Definition
*sodium
*potassium
*calcium
*magnesium
*chloride
*bicarbonate
*phosphate
*sulphate
*sodium +potassium > most abundant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*deep blue granules > basic stein
*release histamine
*release heparin
*less than 1% of leukocytes |
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Term
| red blood cell production |
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Definition
*low blood O2 causes kidneys and liver to release erythropoietin
*stimulates RBC production
*vitamin B12, folic acid, iron are necessary |
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Term
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Definition
*largest blood cell
*kidney shaped nucleus
*leave bloodstream to become macrophanges
*3% -9% leukocytes
*elevated > thphoid fever, malaria, TB |
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Term
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Definition
*t + b cells
*large spherical nuclei
*important in immunity
*produce antibodies
*25% 33% leukocytes
*decreased t cells in AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
*phagocytize or produce antibodies
*most active > neutrophil + monocyte
*injured cells release histamine > vasolidation > inflamation
*positive chemotaxis > injured cells release chems to attract WBC's |
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Term
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Definition
# of WBC per ml3 of blood > 5,000 - 10,000
*leukopenia > low WBC > flu, mumps, AIDs
*Leukocytosis > hight WBC > acute infection, exercise
*differential WBC count > lists %s of types of leukocytes > may change in particular diseases |
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