Term
| What three layers compose blood vessels? |
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Definition
1. TUNICA (“coat”) INTIMA
2. TUNICA MEDIA
3. TUNICA ADVENTITIA (TUNICA EXTERNA) |
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Term
| What are the two layers of the TUNICA INTIMA? |
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Definition
ENDOTHELIUM
SUBENDOTHELIUM |
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Term
Which layer of blood vessels contains smooth muscle tissue?
Which layer has elastic fibers?
What are the functions of smooth muscle and elastic fibers? |
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Definition
TUNICA MEDIA has smooth muscle and elastic fibers
SMOOTH MUSCLE Allows blood to be directed to parts of body by vasoconstriction.
ELASTIC FIBERS: within smooth muscles. Allows blood vessels to return to normal size, and to stretch during systole. |
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Term
| What are the three functions of the TUNICA ADVENTITIA (TUNICA EXTERNA) |
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Definition
a. Protects the blood vessel (strong)
b. Gives vessel strength for shape
c. Anchors vessel to surrounding tissue; loosens with age. |
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Term
| What is a blood vessel that supplies a blood vessel called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do arteries always contain oxygenated blood? |
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Definition
| No; the pulmonary and umbilical arteries have deoxygenated (blue) blood. |
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Term
| What is a sac-like out pouching of an artery called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three causes of an aneurysm? |
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Definition
– Defect in part of the artery wall
– High blood pressure
– Congenital (present at birth) |
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Term
| Which artery is a good place to take a pulse? |
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Definition
| Femoral artery: good place to take a pulse since it is superficial, but that also makes it susceptible to injury. |
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Term
| The circle of Willis forms a loop around which structures? |
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Definition
| Circle of Willis forms a loop around the pituitary gland and the optic chiasma |
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Term
| Which capillaries are found where lots of fluids need to be moved back and forth, such as in the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of capillaries are found in the red marrow because their gaps are so large, a RBC can fit through? |
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Definition
| DISCONTINUOUS (sinusoidal) capillaries |
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Term
What is found at the start of each capillary?
What is the function of this structure? |
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Definition
| PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINCTER controls the flow of blood to individual capillaries. It directs the blood flow to specific cells. |
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Term
| Name the 2 varieties of VEINS |
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Definition
VENULE: this is the smallest. It takes blood from the capillary to the vein.
VEIN: takes blood to the heart. |
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Term
| How is blood able to get uphill and return to the heart without backing up? |
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Definition
| Skeletal muscle pushes on the vein to move the blood uphill, and the valves keep it from falling backwards and backing up. |
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Term
| What are the only BLOOD vessels that have valves |
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Definition
| Veins are the only BLOOD vessels that have valves (although LYMPH vessels also have valves). |
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Term
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Definition
1. The heart
2. Elastic arteries
3. Muscles constricting the veins |
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Term
| What vessel is often used to bypass a damaged coronary artery in coronary bypass surgery, and is the most likely vein to become varicose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vessel drains from the danger triangle into the dural sinuses of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What vessel is oxygen poor, but contains the lowest concentration of nitrogen waste. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 Veins that are rich in oxygen and nutrients: |
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Definition
Umbilical vein
Hepatic Portal vein
Pulmonary vein |
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Term
| What is the term for a vein that has incompetent valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the condition when a person has inflamed veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three treatments for this condition? |
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Definition
| LASER, SCLEROSING, SURGERY |
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Term
What are the two types of EDEMA?
Which is more severe? |
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Definition
1.Pitting: worse in the evening.
2. Non-pitting This is more severe because it does not go away easily. Just as swollen in morning as evening |
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Term
| Why is PHLEBITIS dangerous? |
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Definition
| Phlebitis can be associated with the formation of blood clots (thrombosis), usually in the deep veins of the legs, the condition is called Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis (DVT). |
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Term
| What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure in the fetus connects the right atrium to the left atrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Foramen Ovale become (shortly after birth) |
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Definition
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