Term
| How do veins and arteries get blood supply to their muscles? |
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Definition
| Through small blood vessels called vasa vasorem |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels withing artery or vein wall that function to nourish the cells of the blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| The inner most layer of veins and arteries made up of simple sqaumos epithelium cells. The arteries eleastic membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| outter most layer of the veins and arteries, made up of collagen fibers (connective tissue) ***Thick in veins, thinner in arteries |
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Term
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Definition
Middle layer of veins and arteries.
Made up of smooth muscles ***thick in arteries, thinner in veins |
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Term
| What connects the veinous blood with the arterial blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to arterial and venous blood in the capillaries? |
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Definition
| Arterial blood loses its oxygen in capilaires and deoxyginated blood moved into veins |
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Term
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Definition
| outer coating of the capillary. Very thin coating, only one layer thick of endothelial cells |
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Term
Aorta and major branches
(Blood Vessel Anatomy) |
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Definition
Largest arteries
Known as the *elastic arteries*
1.5 cm in diameter
1.0 mm in thickness
Large amounts of smoothe muscle
Fiberous connective tissue
*Expand and recoil--most elastic arteries |
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Term
Distributing Arteries
(Blood Vessel Anatomy) |
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Definition
**Muscular artery**
6.0 mm in diameter
1.0 mm in thickness
**vasocontrictors**
-large amounts of smooth muscle for contraction of the muscle of the artery |
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Term
Smallest of Arteries
(Blood Vessel Anatomy) |
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Definition
**Arterole
37.0 micrometers in diamter
6.0 micrometers in thickness |
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Term
Capillary
(Blood Vessel Anatomy) |
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Definition
only one cellular layer think
9.0 micrometer diameter
.05 micrometer thickness
** Then tunica intima |
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Term
Venule
(blood vessel anatomy) |
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Definition
the muscle wraps around the venue
20.0 micrometer in diameter
1.0 micrometer in thickness |
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Term
Vein
(blood vessel anatomy) |
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Definition
5.0mm in diameter
.05 mm in diamter
**Lots of connective tissue |
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Term
| Blood flow from the aterial system feeds the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flow from teh venous system feeds the ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 types of capillaries |
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Definition
1) Continuous
2) Fenestrated
3) Sinusoids |
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Term
| Which type of capillary is the least permeable and most common (skin, muscle) |
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Definition
| Continuous capillary have tight junctions make them the least permeable |
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Term
| Describe the Fenestrated Capillary |
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Definition
| The fenestrated capillary has large pores increase permability. Occurs in special locations (kidney, small, intestine) |
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Term
| What capillary type is the most permeable? |
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Definition
| the sinusoidal capillary is the most permeable because of a incomplete basement membrane. found in bone marrow and spleen. |
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Term
| what type of capillary is found in the spleen and bone marrow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of capillary is found in the kidney and small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of capillary is found in the skin and muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are capillaries long or short? |
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Definition
| Short-- about 1 mm in lenght |
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Term
| What is microcirculation? |
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Definition
| small vessels resulting in a small circulation of blood. |
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Term
| Capillary Beds consist of what two types of vessels? |
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Definition
1)vascular shunt-- metarteriole (atrial)
---> thoroghfare channel (veinous)
2) True capillaries, with precapillary sphincters to regulate blood flow. |
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Term
| In true capillaries how many capillaries per capillary bed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the percapillary sphincters located at on the capillary? |
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Definition
| percapillary sphincter: smooth muscle surrounding each cappilary (wraping around it) at its root. |
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Term
| What is the function of the precapillary sphincter |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when the precapillary sphincter is closed? |
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Definition
| blood flows through metarteriole throughfare channel and bypasses true capillaries... constriction-diversion of blood flow with sympathetic nervous response |
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Term
| What happens when precapillary sphincter is open? |
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Definition
| blood flows through true capillaries |
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Term
| What does a leukocyte venule --> diapediesis mean? |
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Definition
| Mechanism by which the leukocytes venules flow to the veins and leave the blood (mainly in the veins) |
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Term
| What happens because venules are very porous? |
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Definition
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Term
| Veins have _______ lumens, and _______ walls |
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Definition
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Term
| What are capacitance vessels in the veins? |
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Definition
| They are blood reservoirs and can act as resiervoirs for our blood supply |
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Term
| What percent of the body's blood suppy is in the veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| At any given time what percent of blood is in the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| At any given time what percent of blood is in the capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| At any given time what percent of blood is in the arteries and arterioles? |
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Definition
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Term
| At any given time what percent of blood is in the pulomonary blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| At any given time what percent of blood is in the systemic veins and venules? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why can't the vein tolerate too much pressure? |
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Definition
| Because of their thin walls-- too much pressure in the veins and they will rupture |
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Term
| In a healthy person venouse return to the heart is _____________ to cardiac output. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the accomodations of the veins? |
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Definition
- large diameters
-pressure is very low
-valves (limbs) |
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Term
| What is the importantance of the large diameter of veins? |
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Definition
| Diamiter of a vein is a fact that determines resistance. |
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Term
| What do the valves function to do in the vein? |
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Definition
| They are one-way valve and they are in abundence to prevent back flow of blood |
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Term
| What are the venous sinuses? |
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Definition
Coronary sinus of the heart
Dural sinus of brain |
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Term
| Venous Coronary sinus of heart |
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Definition
-dorsal side of the heart
-returns blood to the right atria |
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Term
| Venous Dural Sinus of the Brain |
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Definition
| CSF return to the blood via dural sinus |
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Term
| What can cause varicose veins? |
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Definition
-heredity
-prolonged standing
-pregnancy
-abdominal weight
-elevated venous pressure |
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Term
| What is an example of varicose veins caused by elevated venous pressure? |
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Definition
| Hemorrhoids (varicosities of anal veins) |
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Term
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Definition
-Volume of blood flowing through a vessel
-for entire vasculare system: cardiac output
** resting conditions: Constant. With exercise blood flow is altered. |
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Term
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Definition
| forced exerted on the vessel wall by the blood |
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Term
| What is blood pressure measured in? |
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Definition
| mm Hg (milimeters of mercury) |
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Term
| Where is blood at its lowest pressure? |
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Definition
| in the right atria, because it is farthest from the left ventricle |
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Term
| Blood pressure _________ when you get closer the left ventricle. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pressure gradient? |
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Definition
-Keeps blood moving
-difference in blood pressure within the vascular system.
-force that keeps blood moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure through the body |
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Term
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Definition
-opposition to flow of the blood
-friction as blood passes through the blood vessels
-peripheral(systemic) resistance. (Peripheral circulation) |
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Term
| Where does resistance come from? |
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Definition
| resistance comes from the walls of the blood vessel. |
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