Antigen:

On the surface of the Red Blood Cells to help identify as to what blood type it is, & to be connected to an antibody at times to become clotted to help heal areas of the body.

Antiserum:

Blood Serum contains specific antibodies against an infective organism or poisonous substance. Produced in response to infection, intoxication, or vaccination & may be used in another individual to confer. 

Antibody:

a Y-shaped protein that is designed to recognize & immoblize a specific antigen it perceives as foreign to the body. (imunity to a specific disease or to treat bites of stings, of venomous animals.

Universal Donor:

Type O-Negative Blood has NO Antigens, so there for it cannot cause any antibodies to be made. There for it's safe for ALL Blood Types & NO Aglutination reactions will happen (or are possible).

Universal Recipient:

Type AB-Positive Blood can receive ALL Blood Types because their bodies already have all the Antigens necessary so they physically can't make Antibodies against it.

Erythrocyte:

Nucleus Shape:

Pre-RBC= Nucleus

No Nucleus 

Shape of the cell os Bi-Concave

Cytoplasm and/or Granule Color:

Red

Function:

To transport gases, i.e. oxygen and carbon dioxide

Prevalence:

About 40% of the WHole Blood

Neutrophil:

Nucleus Shape:

Multi-lobed (as many as 5 lobes)

Cytoplasm:

Neutral & Pail Colored

Granules: 

Purplish

Function:

Phagocytize pathogens, especially bacteria; release enzymes that target pathogens

Prevalence:

50-0% of total Leukocytes 

Eosinophil:

Nucleus:

Bi-lobed

Cytoplams:

reddish or pink-orange

Granule:

Purple

Function:

Phagocytize Antigen-Antibody complexes & allergens because chemical to mediators to destroy parasitic worms

Prevalence:

1-4% of total Leukocytes

Basophil:

Nucleus:

Bi-Lobed

Cytoplasm: 

deep blue-violet

Function:

releases histamine (vasodilator & increases capillary permeability) & heparin (Anti-Cogulant) during inflammation

Prevalence:

.5-1% of Total Leukocytes

Lymphocyte:

Nucleus:

Round or Slightly Indented Nucleus

Cytoplasm &/or Granule Color:

. darkly stained Nucleus

. Thin rim of Cytoplasm surrounds nucleus

Function:

Coordinate immune cell activity; attack pathogens & abnormal, infected cells; produces Antibodies

Prevalenc:

20-40% of Total Leukocytes

Monocyte:

Nucleus:

Kindey-Shaped or C-Shaped Nucleus

Cytoplasm &/or Granule Color:

Nucleus is generally a pale staining; Abundant cytoplasm around nucleus

Function:

Exit blood vessels to become Macrophages; 

Phagocytize pathogens dead cells, fragments, & debris

Prevalence:

2-8% of Total Leukocytes

Platelet:

Nucleus:

No Nucleus

Cytoplasm &/or Granule Color:

dark central regions; cell fragments

Function:

produced by Megakaryocytes

they help to clot the blood

Prevalence:

less than 1% of the WHole Blood

Neutrophils

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Eosinophils

Monocyte

Platelets

Type A-Postive:

Antigens Present:

A-Antigens & Rh-Antigens

Antibodies Present:

B-Antibodies

Can donate safely to:

A-Positive; & AB-Positive

Can Safely Receive:

A-Positive, A-Negative, O-Negative, O-Positive

A-Negative:

Antigens Present:

A-Antigens

Antibodies Present:

Rh-Antibodies

B-Antibodies

Can donate safely to:

AB-Positive, A-Negative, A-Positive, & AB-Negative

B-Positive:

Antigens Present:

B-Antigens & Rh-Antigens

Antibodies Present:

A-Antibodies

Can donate safely to: 

AB-Positive, B-Positive

Can Safely Receive: 

B-Positive, B-negative, O-negative

B-Negative:

Antigens Present:

B-Antigens

Antibodies Present:

A- Antibodies

Rh-Antibodies

Can donate safely to:

AB-positive, & B-Negative 

Can safely Receive from:

B-Negative, O-Negative

AB-Positive:

Antigens Present:

AB-Antigens

Rh-Antigens

Antibodies Present:

NONE

Can Safely Donate to:

AB-Positive, & O-Positive

Can safely receive from:

AB-Positive, B-Positive, B-Negative, O-Positive, O-Negative, A-Positive, A-Negative, & AB-Negative

AB-Negative:

Antigens Present:

A & B Antigens Present

Antibodies Present:

Rh-Antibodies

Can safely donate to:

AB-Positive, & AB-Negative

Can safely receive from:

AB-Negative, A-Negative, B-Negative, & O-Negative

O-Postive:

Antigens Present:

Rh-Antigens

Antibodies Present:

No Antibodies

Can safely donate to:

O-Positive, AB-Positive, B-Positive, & A-Positive

Can safey receive from:

O-Positive & O-Negative

O-Negative:

Antigens Present:

No Antigens Present

Antibodies Present:

Rh-Antibodies

Can safely donate to: 

AB-Positive, AB-Negative, O-Negative, A-Positive, A-Negative, B-Positive, B-Negative, & O-Positive

Can Safely receive from:

O-negative

Who could the Following People Donate To:

Person 1: Type A-Negative:

Person2: Type O-Positive:

Person 3: Type AB-Negative:

Person 4: Type B-Positive:

Person 1: Type A-Negative: 

Could donate to A-Negative, AB-Negative, A-Positive, & AB-Positive.

Person 2: Type O-Positive:

Could donate to AB-Positive, O-Positive, B-Positive, & A-Positive

Person 3: Type AB-Negative:

Could donate to AB-Negative & AB-Positive

Person 4: Type B-Positive:

Could donate to B-Positive and AB-Positive.

What is the "Universal Donor"?

Type O-Negative is consider the "Universal Donor" because it has no Antigens or Rh-factors on it, so no reactions of Aglutination can occur, because their are no ways for it to bond to something. 

What is the "Universal Recipient"?

Type AB-Positive is considered the "Universal Recipient," because it has all the Antigens, so therefor it can't make any Antibodies because then it would make Antibodies against its own blood type. So they can recieve Any & All Blood Types without any concern of clotting at all.

WHich is NOT an Antigen found on the Surface of an Erythrocyte Cell:

A-Antigen

B-Antigen

O-Antigen

Rh-Antigen

Which Antigens are Present on the Surface of the Erythrocyte Cells:

B-Negative:

O-Positive:

AB-Negative:

A-Positive:

B-Negative: has B-Antigens

O-Positiv: has Rh-Antigens

AB-Negative: has A & B Antigens

A-Positive: has A-Antigens, & Rh-Antigens

Antibodies cause (blank) of the Antigens on Erythrocytes 

A. Agglutination

B. Aggregization

C. Neutralization

D. They have no Effect on Erythrocytes

A person with Type A Blood has:

a. anti-A Antibodies

b. anti-B Antibodies

c. anti-O Antibodies

d. no Antibodies

A person with Type B-Negative Blood has which of the following Antibodies? (Assume the person has been exposed to Rh Antigens)

a. anti-A Antibodies

b. anti-B Antibodies

c. anti-Rh Antibodies

d. No Antibodies